The endosphere bacteriome of diseased and healthy tomato plants
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The endosphere bacteriome of diseased and healthy tomato plants Silvina M. Y. López1,2 · Graciela N. Pastorino3 · Antonio J. Fernández‑González4 · Mario E. E. Franco1,5 · Manuel Fernández‑López4 · Pedro A. Balatti1,3 Received: 28 January 2020 / Revised: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Here we analyze the microbial community of healthy and diseased tomato plants to evaluate its impact on plant health. The organisms found in all samples mainly belonged to 4 phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The Proteobacteria were the highest relative abundant within the endophytic communities of different plant organs of diseased tomato. Among endophytic bacteria of tomato, only a few taxa could be cultured. Here we showed that only a few taxa of bacteria inhabiting tomato plants could be cultured and that all plant organs have a highly diverse endophytic bacterial, whose activity might affect plant growth and development as well as health. The roots seem to be an important barrier for microbes and leaves appear to be the organs with the higher diversity which is incidentally related to plant health. Fruits also contain a complex bacterial community that appeared to be unaffected by foliar diseases such as gray leaf spot at least under the conditions studied. Keywords Endophytes · Tomato · Metagenomic · Bacterial biocontrol · Stemphylium lycopersici
Introduction The plant microbiome is formed by the genomes of microorganisms living in association with plants, which led to new ideas in terms of plants evolution. This is because selective forces act not only on the plant genome but also exert selective pressure on the associated microbes (Hardoim et al. 2015). The diversity and size of these communities form a complex array that is known as the second genome Communicated by Shuang-Jiang Liu. * Silvina M. Y. López [email protected] 1
Centro de Investigaciones en Fitopatología (CIDEFI), La Plata, Argentina
2
Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICBA), La Plata, Argentina
3
Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola – Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
4
Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
5
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
of a plant (Berendsen et al. 2012). So, the microbiome of a plant consists of a mixture of mutualistic, commensals as well as putative pathogenic communities of microorganisms (Hardoim et al. 2015; Frank et al. 2017). Plants are large and have diverse niches that might host an ample array of microorganisms, among them bacteria, known as bacterial endophytes (Azevedo et al. 2000). They are adapted to live within intercellular spaces and might contribute in different ways to plant growth and/or resistance against
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