Comparative analysis of the pulmonary microbiome in healthy and diseased pigs
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparative analysis of the pulmonary microbiome in healthy and diseased pigs Zongjie Li1 · Xin Wang1 · Di Di1 · Ruyi Pan1 · Yun Gao1 · Changguang Xiao1 · Beibei Li1 · Jianchao Wei1 · Ke Liu1 · Yafeng Qiu1 · Zhiyong Ma1 Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The lungs possess an effective antimicrobial system and a strong ability to eliminate microorganisms in healthy organisms, and were once considered sterile. With the development of culture-independent sequencing technology, the richness and diversity of porcine lung microbiota have been gaining attention. In order to study the relationship between lung microbiota and porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), the lung microbiota in healthy and diseased swine bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were analyzed and compared using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The predominant microbial communities of healthy and diseased swine were similar at the phylum level, mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and Bacteroidetes. However, the bacterial taxonomic communities of healthy and diseased swine differed at the genus level. The higher relative abundances of Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus genera in healthy swine might provide more benefits for lung health, while the enhanced richness of Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Pasteurella, and Bordetella genera in diseased swine might be closely related to pathogen invasion and the occurrence of respiratory disease. In conclusion, the observed differences in the richness and diversity of lung microbiota can provide novel insights into their relationship with PRDC. Analyses of swine lung microbiota communities might produce an effective strategy for the control and prevention of respiratory tract infections. Keywords Porcine respiratory disease complex · Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid · Lung microbiota · Symbiotic microbiota · Microbial community
Introduction Previous studies of porcine commensal and symbiotic microbiota mainly focused on those inhabiting the intestinal tract; however, microbial communities colonizing the respiratory tract have been poorly investigated. The microbiome diversity and composition of the respiratory tract play an important role in regulating host immune homeostasis and preventing the porcine respiratory diseases complex (PRDC) (Niederwerder 2017). Increased diversity of the symbiotic microbiome has been shown to be associated with systemic Communicated by Stefan Hohmann. * Zhiyong Ma [email protected] 1
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, No.518, Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
virus infection in primary lung pathology; therefore, the modulation of symbiotic microbiomes could be used to prevent pulmonary infections induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and other respiratory pathogens (Niederwerder et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2018).
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