The enrichment of anaerobic fungi and methanogens showed higher lignocellulose degrading and methane producing ability t
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(2020) 36:125
ORIGINAL PAPER
The enrichment of anaerobic fungi and methanogens showed higher lignocellulose degrading and methane producing ability than that of bacteria and methanogens Yuping Ma1 · Yuanfei Li1 · Yuqi Li1 · Yanfen Cheng1 · Weiyun Zhu1 Received: 10 August 2019 / Accepted: 12 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this study, rumen content was used to obtain three enrichments of anaerobic fungi and methanogens (F + M enrichment), bacteria and methanogens (B + M enrichment), and whole rumen content (WRC enrichment), to evaluate their respective ability to degrade lignocellulose and produce methane. Among the treatments, F + M enrichment elicited the strongest lignocellulose degradation and methane production ability with both rice straw and wheat straw as substrates. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis and diversity analyses of methanogens in the three enrichment treatments demonstrated that F + M had larger number of 16S rRNA gene copies of methanogens and higher relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter, the predominant methanogen found in all enrichments. Caecomyces was the main anaerobic fungal genus for co-culturing to provide substrates for methanogens in this enrichment. Importantly, the F + M enrichment was stable and could be maintained with transfers supplied every 3 days, confirming its potential utility in anaerobic digestion for lignocellulose degradation and methane production. Keywords Anaerobic fungi · Bacteria · Methanogens · Rice straw · Wheat straw
Introduction Renewable and environmentally friendly energy, which can support sustainable development, has recently become increasingly important due to the greater energy demand in the context of finite reserves of non-renewable energy resources, the rapid depletion of which pollutes the air and is driving global climate change (Ellabban et al. 2014). Lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., plant crop residues), a form of organic matter originating from the photosynthetic capture of solar energy, is a biological and abundant material that can be used to produce renewable and sustainable biofuels such as biogas (Kumar et al. 2009). Recently, it was reported Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-020-02894-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yanfen Cheng [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
that China alone produced 0.78 billion tons of crop residues in 2011 (Zhang et al. 2017). The biotic processes of lignocellulose degradation and biogas production are often enriched with cellulolytic bacteria and methanogens, in which the former degrade the lignocellulose to produce H2/CO2 while the latter utilize these metabolites to produce methane. Recently, Lazuka et al. (2018) obtained an enrichment from termite gut able to transform lignocellulose into carboxylates under an
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