The Evolution of Intelligent Systems How Molecules became Minds
How could something as seemingly transcendental as the human mind have arisen from far simpler material beginnings? This book provides a comprehensive overview of evolution from pre-life and early life forms through increasing complexity to adva
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Also by Ken Richardson COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT TO ADOLESCENCE (co-edited) UNDERSTANDING INTELLIGENCE UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOLOGY THE ORIGINS OF HUMAN POTENTIAL MODELS OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THE MAKING OF INTELLIGENCE
The Evolution of Intelligent Systems How Molecules Became Minds
Ken Richardson
© Ken Richardson 2010 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010 978-0-230-25249-3 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-32211-4 DOI 10.1057/9780230299245
ISBN 978-0-230-29924-5 (eBook)
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Richardson, Ken. The evolution of intelligent systems : how molecules became minds / Ken Richardson. p. cm. 1. Brain – Evolution. 2. Molecular evolution. 3. Evolutionary psychology. I. Title. QP376.R476 2010 612.8⬘2—dc22 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
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Contents vi
List of Illustrations
viii
Preface 1 Why So Complex?
1
2 Fit for What?
19
3 Intelligent Life
36
4 Bodily Intelligence
56
5 Evolution of Development
69
6 Intelligent Eye and Brain
90
7 From Neurons to Cognition
112
8 Cognitive Functions
135
9 Social Intelligence
160
10 Intelligent Humans
174
Notes
199
Index
229
v
Illustrations Table 8.1 The XOR problem
156
Figures 1.1 Heads of some of the finches studied by Charles Darwin showing the correlation between beak structure and environmental structure (type of food): (1) a large seedeater; (2) a small seedeater; (3) small insect eater; (4)
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