The Impact Performance of Woven-Fabric Thermoplastic and Thermoset Composites Subjected to High-Velocity Soft- and Hard-
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The Impact Performance of Woven-Fabric Thermoplastic and Thermoset Composites Subjected to High-Velocity Soft- and Hard-Impact Loading Jun Liu 1 & Haibao Liu 1 & Cihan Kaboglu 1 & Xiangshao Kong 1,2 & Yuzhe Ding 1 & Hui Chai 1,3 & Bamber R. K. Blackman 1 & Anthony J. Kinloch 1 & John P. Dear 1 Received: 13 June 2019 / Accepted: 29 August 2019/ # The Author(s) 2019
Abstract
The present paper investigates the impact performance of woven-fabric carbon-fibre composites based upon both thermoplastic- and thermoset-matrix polymers under highvelocity impact loading by conducting gas-gun experiments at impact velocities of up to 100 m.s−1. The carbon-fibre reinforced-polymers (CFRPs) are impacted using soft- (i.e. gelatine) and hard- (i.e. aluminium-alloy) projectiles to simulate either a soft bird-strike or a hard foreign-body impact (e.g. runway debris), respectively, on typical composites employed in civil aircraft. The out-of-plane displacements of the impacted composite specimen are obtained by means of a three-dimensional Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system for the soft-projectile impact on the composites and the extent of damage is assessed both visually and by using portable C-scan equipment. The perforation resistance and energy absorbing capability of the composites are also studied by performing high-velocity impact experiments using the hard-projectile and the resulting extent and type of damage are identified. In addition, a Finite Element (FE) model is also developed to investigate the interaction between the projectile and the composite target. Keywords Thermoplastic composites . High-velocity impact . Digital image correlation (DIC) . Ultrasonic C-scanning . Bird-strikes . Runway debris damage . Numerical modelling
* John P. Dear [email protected]
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
2
Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People’s Republic of China
3
The First Aircraft Institute, No.1 East Renmin Road, Yanliang District, Xi’an, Shanxi 710089, People’s Republic of China
Applied Composite Materials
1 Introduction Fibre/polymer-matrix composite materials have become widespread in the transportation and energy industries. For example, the automotive, rail, marine and wind turbine industries currently make use of such composites, as well as the aviation industry where direct operating costs and performance favour composites. Amongst these materials, to achieve the highest level of performance, carbon-fibre reinforced-polymers (CFRPs) have attracted the most attention. These types of composites have been extensively employed in modern civilian aircraft due to their excellent stiffness, strength, fatigue and corrosion properties. In the latest generation of commercial aircraft, such as the ‘Boeing Dreamliner B787’ and the ‘Airbus A350’, the fuselage as well as the wing structures are manufactured using CFRPs. Indeed, the composites used account for about fifty [1] and fifty-three [2] per
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