The intestine of artificially bred larval turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) contains a stable core group of microbiota
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The intestine of artificially bred larval turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) contains a stable core group of microbiota Zheng Zhang1,2 · Yongxiang Yu1 · Yan Jiang1 · Yingeng Wang1,2 · Meijie Liao1,2 · Xiaojun Rong1,2 · Qian Liu3 Received: 7 April 2020 / Revised: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Generally speaking, fish intestinal microbiota is easily affected by food or water environment, and it may be dynamically changed along with body growth. However, it remains unclear whether fish gut microbiota can be affected under any conditions. In the present study, we focused on cultured larval turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and tracked its artificial breeding process from eggs to larvae in two farms located in different regions of China. Through continuous sampling, we analyzed and compared characteristics of intestinal microbiota in turbot larvae and its correlation with the bacteria in water and food at different developmental stages. The results showed that there was a steady group of microbiota in larval gut, and the highest relative abundance of strain was same between the two farms. This microbiota was established soon after hatching of fertilized eggs. Particularly, the structure of this microbiota was nearly not changeable afterward 3–4 months of development. The bacteria carried by fertilized eggs might play an important role during the formation of this microbiota. In conclusion, our findings suggested that there was a core microbiota represented by Lactococcus sp. in gut of artificially bred turbot larvae. The relative proportion of such strain in gut was higher than 30% at the initial stage of turbot life. Keywords Turbot · Gut microbiota · Mariculture · Artificial breeding · Lactococcus sp.
Introduction Until now, the importance of intestinal microbiota to the host health has been widely recognized in humans and animals. In a sense, its function is equivalent to an organ of the body (Sekirov et al. 2010). Fishes are lower vertebrates. They have a complete digestive tract, including stomach, intestine and rectum, in which enormous amounts of microorganisms are colonized (Ringø et al. 1995; Feng 2010). Although their Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. * Yingeng Wang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academic of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People’s Republic of China
2
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People’s Republic of China
3
Guangzhou Gene Denovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510320, People’s Republic of China
living environment is different from that of terrestrial animals, its intestinal microbiota also plays a crucial role in the development and growth of fish (Gómez and Balcázar 2008; Nayak 2010; Sanchez et al. 2012). Scholars have confirmed
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