The Possible Influence of the Tourism Sector on Climate Change in the US
The effect of tourism development on GHG has been a controversial research topic, and the existing literature fails to provide satisfactory evidence about the impact of tourism on climate change. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to stu
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The Possible Influence of the Tourism Sector on Climate Change in the US Faik Bilgili , Yacouba Kassouri, Aweng Peter Majok Garang, and H. Hilal Ba˘glıta¸s
Abstract The effect of tourism development on GHG has been a controversial research topic, and the existing literature fails to provide satisfactory evidence about the impact of tourism on climate change. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to study the dynamics of tourism development with several climate-changing substances through time- and regime (state)-varying analysis. Therefore, this article aims at contributing towards a novel analysis of the behaviour of carbon emissions and tourism development in the US following Markov regime-switching VAR (MSVAR) models. This book chapter will observe the estimates to understand the effect of tourism on air pollution (CO2 emissions) at different regimes/states. The stochastic process generating the unobservable regimes is an ergodic Markov chain with a finite number of states (st = 1……N) which is defined by the transition probabilities. Most of the current studies provide mixed evidence on the relationship between tourism and climate change through time- and regime-invariant parameter estimations. In contrast, MS-VAR model predictions reveal the constant term and other parameter coefficients, which are also subject to change from one regime to another regime, to explore the effects of explanatory variables on CO2 in the US. The explanatory variables of this work are the Number of Tourist Visiting the US, Energy Consumption of Transportation Sector, and Industrial Production. MS-VAR models also monitored seasonality effects. In the estimations, we aim at observing accurately the impact of tourism on CO2 emissions, as well as the effects of industrial production and transportation sector’s energy usage on emissions, in the US. Keywords Tourism · CO2 emissions · Transportation sector · MS-VAR models; the US
F. Bilgili (B) · H. H. Ba˘glıta¸s Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi Kayseri, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] Y. Kassouri · A. P. M. Garang SSI, Ph.D. Program in Economics, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi Kayseri, Turkey © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 D. Balsalobre-Lorente et al. (eds.), Strategies in Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Clean Energy, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59675-0_2
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2.1 Introduction With the increasing population of the World, the increasing level of production/consumption of commodities and services contributed much to climate change and global warming. Especially for the last three decades, administrators and policymakers have been implementing some regulations and energy policy acts to mitigate environmental degradation, e.g. through (a) renewable energy usage and (b) new production, heating, lighting, air conditioning, and transportation technologies with low carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions. The relevant literature of clim
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