The role of receptor models as tools for air quality management: a case study of an industrialized urban region
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URBAN AIR QUALITY, CLIMATE AND POLLUTION: FROM MEASUREMENT TO MODELING APPLICATIONS
The role of receptor models as tools for air quality management: a case study of an industrialized urban region Elson Silva Galvão 1
&
Neyval Costa Reis Jr 1 & Jane Meri Santos 1
Received: 27 September 2019 / Accepted: 23 January 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Evidence suggesting the association between the atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and health problems stress the need for the establishment of policies and actions aiming the improvement of air quality. As a start point, the knowledge of the main PM contributors is fundamental. Receptor models are frequently used for the identification and apportionment of local sources, nevertheless, some features of these models must be considered. For instance, whether the region has sources with similar chemical profiles and/or whether there is source temporal or spatial similarity, which can generate collinearity, affecting the sensibility of the models. In this work, it is presented some study of cases showing some strengths of the chemical mass balance model (CMB), such as to infer specific sources acting over specific locations in a same region, and its weaknesses for separating collinear sources. Besides, this work shows some study of cases reporting that the identification of specific PM markers (organic, inorganic, and crystallographic) and determined in the receptor samples can lead to better sources separation and improvements in the interpretation of the results using positive matrix factorization model. This work also highlights for the importance of the information provided by receptor models, in which should be carefully considered by the environmental agencies for decisionmaking concerning air quality management. Keywords Particulate matter . Source apportionment . Receptor models . Source markers . Air quality management
Introduction General description of the particulate matter significance as air pollutant The World Health Organization (WHO) has presented alarming information about the effects of air pollution on health concerning the global population exposed to outdoor pollutants, in which, in 2016, 4.2 million deaths have been Responsible editor: Gerhard Lammel Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07848-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Elson Silva Galvão [email protected] 1
Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brazil
attributed to outdoor air pollution exposure that account for 7.6% of all deaths around the world (WHO 2019a). In the Americas, the deaths by air pollution have been estimated in 259,000 cases, being Bolivia, Guyana, and Suriname the countries with the largest rates per 105 inhabitants (WHO 2018). According to WHO (2018), the largest number of deaths due to exposure to air pollution are registere
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