The Social Psychology of Intergroup and International Conflict Resolution
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SSSP Ronald 1. Fisher
The Social Psychology of Intergroup and International Conflict Resolution
Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong
Ronald 1. Fisher Department of Psychology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N OWO Canada and Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security Ottawa, Ontario, KIR 7X7 Canada
With 14 Illustrations Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fisher, Ronald J. The social psychology of intergroup and international conflict resolution/Ronald 1. Fisher. p. cm. - (Springer series in social psychology) Includes bibl iographical references. ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-7952-5 001: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3288-9
e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-3288-9
I. Intergroup relations. 2. Conflict management. 3. International relations. I. Title. II. Series. HM 13 \. F525 198'9 303.6'9-dc20 89-35512 Printed on acid-free paper.
© 1990 by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Typeset by Caliber Design Planning, Inc.
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Contents
1. Introduction: The Pervasive Enigma of Intergroup Conflict ...... .
Protracted Social Conflict: The Ultimate Enigma ................. The Social-Psychological Study of Intergroup Conflict ......... : . . . . Challenges for the Study of Intergroup and International Conflict . . . . The Scope and Plan of This Book .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 5 8 16
2. Classic Contributions to the Study of Intergroup Conflict. . . . . . . . .
21
Ethnocentrism and Realistic Group Conflict Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Field Studies: Sherif, Blake, and Mouton, and Zimbardo ....... Social Identity Theory ....................................... The Groundwork for Eclectic Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice. . . . . . . .
22 25 28 30 37
3. Cognitive Theories Applied to Intergroup Conflict (Peter R. Grant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
The Effects of Categorizing Individuals into Groups: The Experimental Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cognitive Theories of Intergroup Relations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
