The study of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc.
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FOCUS ISSUE
THERMODYNAMICS OF COMPLEX SOLIDS
The study of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. Weiwei Jia1, Zhenbin Chen1,a), Yingyu Zhao1, Ke Li1, Brandon Tichnell2, Zhenghua Tang3, Juan M. Ruso4, Zhen Liu2,b) 1
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; and State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China 2 Department of Physics and Engineering, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, Maryland 21532, USA 3 Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 5100067, China; and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China 4 Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] Received: 16 January 2019; accepted: 2 April 2019
In this work, flavonoids in Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. were extracted by ultrasound-assisted methodology and determined by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. After that, extraction conditions were optimized by the single fact investigation, the central composite design, and response surface methodology (RSM) in turn. The results showed the optimal values of ethanol concentration, solid–liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, ultrasonic power, and number of extraction times were 60%, 1:20 (g/mL), 45 °C, 34 min; 80 W, and 5, respectively. The extraction ratio of flavonoids could be as high as 94.50%. The influence order of each factor was ultrasonic power > extraction time > extraction temperature > ethanol concentration. The results also showed that the experimental value was close to the predicted value (94.49%) of the established model by RSM, which proved that the established model was reasonable. The thermodynamic results showed that the extraction process was endothermic and could proceed spontaneously.
Introduction Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. is also called Japanese knotweed; it belongs to the Polygonaceae family and is a perennial herb widely distributed in China, Japan, Korea, and America. In ancient China, the root of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. was always used in the treatment of arthralgia, chronic bronchitis, jaundice, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia [1]. According to the results of modern pharmacological studies, most of the above uses of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. were due to the pres
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