Transcriptome profiles of sturgeon lateral line electroreceptor and mechanoreceptor during regeneration
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Transcriptome profiles of sturgeon lateral line electroreceptor and mechanoreceptor during regeneration Jian Wang1,2, Chengcheng Lu1,3, Yifan Zhao1,3, Zhijiao Tang3, Jiakun Song3 and Chunxin Fan1,3*
Abstract Background: The electrosensory ampullary organs (AOs) and mechanosensory neuromasts (NMs) found in sturgeon and some other non-neopterygian fish or amphibians are both originated from lateral line placodes. However, these two sensory organs have characteristic morphological and physiological differences. The molecular mechanisms for the specification of AOs and NMs are not clearly understood. Results: We sequenced the transcriptome for neomycin treated sturgeon AOs and NMs in the early regeneration stages, and de novo assembled a sturgeon transcriptome. By comparing the gene expression differences among untreated AOs, NMs and general epithelia (EPs), we located some specific genes for these two sensory organs. In sturgeon lateral line, the voltage-gated calcium channels and voltage-gated potassium channels were predominant calcium and potassium channel subtypes, respectively. And by correlating gene expression with the regeneration process, we predicated several candidate key transcriptional regulation related genes might be involved in AOs and NMs regeneration. Conclusions: Genes with specific expression in the two lateral line sensory organs suggests their important roles in mechanoreceptor and electroreceptor formation. The candidate transcriptional regulation related genes may be important for mechano- and electro- receptor specification, in a “dosage-related” manner. These results suggested the molecular basis for specification of these two sensory organs in sturgeon. Keywords: Mechanosensory, Electrosensory, Regeneration, Specification, Sturgeon
Background Lateral line system is an ancient vertebrate sensory system in fishes and amphibians [1, 2]. Two different lateral line receptors, the electrosensory ampullary organs (AOs) and mechanosensory neuromasts (NMs), were found in nonneopterygian fish, including sturgeon, paddlefish and sharks, and some amphibians [3–8]. AOs enable fishes and amphibians to detect weak electric fields, including * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 International Joint Center for Marine Biological Sciences Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China 3 Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neuroscience, International Center for Marine Studies, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
low-frequency membrane potentials and myogenic potentials that leak out of aquatic preys and predators [2, 3]. NMs respond to water displacement surrounding the body. Together, the electrosensory and mechanosensory divisions of lateral line system help these aquatic animals with detecting prey/predator, avoiding obstacle, intraspecific communication and other behaviors [2, 5]. A number of evidences support that both of AOs and NMs originate from lateral
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