Tobacco Smoke and Endothelial Dysfunction: Role of Aldehydes?
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MECHANISMS OF HYPERTENSION AND TARGET-ORGAN DAMAGE (JE HALL AND ME HALL, SECTION EDITORS)
Tobacco Smoke and Endothelial Dysfunction: Role of Aldehydes? Jordan Lynch 1,2,3
&
Lexiao Jin 1,2,5 & Andre Richardson 1,2,3 & Daniel J Conklin 1,2,3,4,6
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Tobacco smoking is the most significant modifiable risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exposure to mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) is associated with CVD through the development of endothelial dysfunction, a condition characterized by an imbalance of vasoactive factors in the vasculature. This dysfunction is thought to be induced in part by aldehydes generated at high levels in MCS. Recent Findings Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) may also pose CVD risk. Although the health effects of e-cigs are still largely unknown, the presence of aldehydes in e-cig aerosol suggests that e-cigs may induce adverse cardiovascular outcomes similar to those seen with MCS exposure. Summary Herein, we review studies of traditional and emerging tobacco product use, shared harmful and potentially harmful constituents, and measures of biomarkers of harm (endothelial dysfunction) to examine a potential and distinct role of aldehydes in cardiovascular harm associated with cigarette and e-cig use. Keywords Acrolein . Aldehydes . Tobacco cigarettes . Electronic cigarettes . Electronic nicotine delivery systems . Endothelial dysfunction
Abbreviations CAC Circulating angiogenic cell CRP C-reactive protein CVD Cardiovascular disease E-cig Electronic cigarette ENDS Electronic nicotine delivery systems FMD Flow-mediated dilation GRAS Generally regarded as safe
HPHCs MCS NO OS PG PM ROS SHS
Harmful or potentially harmful constituents Mainstream cigarette smoke Nitric oxide Oxidative stress Propylene glycol Particulate matter Reactive oxygen species Secondhand smoke
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Mechanisms of Hypertension and Target-Organ Damage * Jordan Lynch [email protected]
2
Diabetes & Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
3
University of Louisville American Heart Association – Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
4
Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
5
Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
6
Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
Lexiao Jin [email protected] Andre Richardson [email protected] Daniel J Conklin [email protected] 1
Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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sICAM-1 sVCAM-1 US FDA VG WBCs WHO
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 US Food and Drug Administration Vegetable glycerin
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