Towards 100% Renewable Energy Techniques, Costs and Regional Case-St
This volume collects papers presented at the International 100% Renewable Energy Conferences (IRENEC) from 2011 to 2015. Given the time span, the chapters have been updated to ensure they are timely, and pertinent. These proceedings are the outcome
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Tanay Sidki Uyar Editor
Towards 100% Renewable Energy Techniques, Costs and Regional CaseStudies
Springer Proceedings in Energy
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13370
Tanay Sidki Uyar Editor
Towards 100% Renewable Energy Techniques, Costs and Regional Case-Studies
Editor Tanay Sidki Uyar Department of Mechanical Engineering Marmara University Istanbul, Turkey
ISSN 2352-2534 ISSN 2352-2542 (electronic) Springer Proceedings in Energy ISBN 978-3-319-45658-4 ISBN 978-3-319-45659-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45659-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016960199 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
We, as inhabitants of this planet, are tired of nuclear weapons and atmospheric pollution from petroleum, natural gas, and coal combustion. We desire independence from fossil fuel and nuclear wars, and we want greater employment. A solution is urgently needed to make continued life on this planet viable, and we believe this means living in harmony with nature. Ultimately, the Sun is the only energy source available for human beings, plants and animals. The Sun and greenhouse gases work in concert to bring the average temperature of the atmosphere to 16 °C. Humanity is trying to recover from the damage initiated by the Industrial Revolution, which supplied energy needs by polluting the environment, causing death of millions of human beings and destroying natural resources and agricultural products. The journey from coal to fuel oil and to nuclear waste heat and finally to energy efficiency, directed by the external costs of en
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