Tracing and assessment of simultaneous dust storms in the cities of Ahvaz and Kermanshah in western Iran based on the ne
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Tracing and assessment of simultaneous dust storms in the cities of Ahvaz and Kermanshah in western Iran based on the new approach Taher Rajaee 1 & Nima Rohani 1
&
Ehsan Jabbari 1 & Barat Mojaradi 2
Received: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 16 May 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract One of the most important and relatively new natural disaster compared with others is the dust-storm phenomenon in today’s world, which has been aggravated by rising drought and global warming. Studies on the phenomenon of dust have different aspects and characteristics. To study this phenomenon, the use of meteorological models such as HYSPLIT, as well as satellite images with high temporal resolution and storm detection in terms of intensity, etc., is necessary. In this research, modeling in HYSPLIT system with back trajectory analysis was performed at three levels of altitude to determine the direction of motion of suspended particles in the atmosphere and its source in the interval 48 h prior to the occurrence of two simultaneous dust storm phenomena in destinations of Ahwaz and Kermanshah with a new approach. The dust detection was done by analyzing MODIS images using the iTIIDI (Improved Thermal Infrared Integrated Dust Index) method along with bands different method to remove cloudy pixels by determination of an appropriate threshold in digital numbers. The comparison of the transmission trajectories of dust yielded by HYSPLIT model for two destinations and false color composite of detected dust in MODIS images demonstrated the same sources for the dust phenomenon at the time of the study. Subsequently, the hydrological parameters of the identified region as the source were also evaluated; all of these, reflected the region's ability to produce suspended particles. Generally, the primary sources of dust on the two cities of Ahvaz and Kermanshah were desert parts of the northern of Iraq, a region between latitudes 33.80° N to 35.85° N and longitudes 42.00° E to 44.76° E in Tigris and Euphrates alluvial plain. Keywords Dust storm . Meteorology . MODIS images . HYSPLIT . Middle East
Introduction Dust storm The phenomenon known as dust storms or sand storms generally involves weather conditions with strong winds that cause dust and sand to rise and scatter, thus reducing the horizontal visibility to less than 1 km and polluting the air (Mei and Xiushan 2008). Based on the studies over the past Responsible Editor: Zhihua Zhang * Nima Rohani [email protected] 1
Dept. of Civil Eng., University of Qom, Qom, Iran
2
Dept. of Geomatics Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
years, as a dilemma and a global issue, one of the most important reasons bringing about climate changes is the phenomenon of dust storm (El-ossta et al. 2013). Wind can transport dust and sand, and a variety of soil types including clay and silt, over kilometers (Zhang et al. 2008). For example, dust storms and dusty air in Northern Europe and many parts of America and Asia, especially the Middle East, are considered
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