Tradition and Individuality Essays

A volume of essays on the themes of tradition, oral communication versus literal communication, Wittgenstein, and computers. The later Wittgenstein is shown to be on the one hand a traditionalist, and on the other hand, along with Heidegger, a philosopher

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SYNTHESE LIBRARY STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Managing Editor:

JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University

Editors:

DONALD DAVIDSON, University o/California, Berkeley GAB:ru::EL NUCHELMANS, University 0/ Leyden WESLEY C. SALMON, University of Pittsburgh

VOLUME 221

J. C. NYlRI Institute of Philosophy, Hungarian Academy of Sciences

TRADITION AND

IND IVID U ALITY Essays

SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nylrl. Janos Kristof. Tradition and individuality : essays / J.C. Nyiri. p. cm. -- (Synthese 11brary ; v. 221) Includes blbliographlcal references and index. ISBN 978-94-010-5176-7 ISBN 978-94-011-2660-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2660-1

1. Tradltion (Philosophy) 2. Wlttgenstein. Ludwlg. 1889-1951. 3. Knowledge. Theory of. 4. Language and languages--Phl1osophy. 1. Title. II. Serles. B105.T7N95 1992 148--dc20 91-39683

ISBN 978-94-010-5176-7

printed on acid-free paper

AII Rights Reserved © 1992 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Origina11y published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1992 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1992 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utiIized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, incJuding photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retr.ieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

For /lanka

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

ix

CHAPTER 1: Wittgenstein's New Traditionalism

1

CHAPTER 2: Wittgenstein 1929-31: Conservatism and Jewishness

9

CHAPTER 3: Collective Reason: Roots of a Sociological Theory of Knowledge

25

CHAPTER 4: Some Marxian Themes in the Age of Information

39

CHAPTER 5: Tradition and Practical Knowledge

47

CHAPTER 6: "Tradition" and Related Terms: A Semantic Survey

61

CHAPTER 7: Historical Consciousness in the Computer Age

75

CHAPTER 8: On Esperanto: Usage and Contrivance in Language

85

CHAPTER 9: Heidegger and Wittgenstein

93

CHAPTER 10: Writing and the Private Language Argument

105

NOTES

115

BIBLIOGRAPHY

159

INDEX

171

vii

PREFACE

During the last fifteen years I have experimented with two successive approaches to the problem of the social embeddedness of individual behaviour. The first approach was community-centred, traditionalist; the second more individualistic. The present volume contains essays from both phases: chapters one to six representing the earlier, chapters seven to ten the later approach. I have chosen to have those earlier essays published along with the later ones for two reasons. First, because my current arguments (for what they are worth) clearly presuppose the background of my former endeavours. Secondly, I still do not think that my earlier attempts were entirely misdirected. In fact the choice in favour of the one or the other position depends on the evaluation of a single cluster of arguments: those pertaining to the epistemological significance of writing. I have come to believe that it is the medium of writi