Traumatic resin ducts induced by methyl jasmonate in Pinus spp
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Traumatic resin ducts induced by methyl jasmonate in Pinus spp Adrián López‑Villamor1,2 · Rafael Zas2 · Andrea Pérez3 · Yonatan Cáceres3 · Marta Nunes da Silva1 · Marta Vasconcelos1 · Carla Vázquez‑González2 · Luis Sampedro2 · Alejandro Solla3 Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Key message Exogenous MJ does not alter the resin duct structure of pines in the cortex, but increases the number, density and mean size of resin ducts in the secondary xylem, particularly in Pinus sylvestris and P. radiata. Abstract Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is an organic compound capable of modulating defence responses in plants. Exogenous application of MJ has been shown to modify the structure of the resin canal system in conifers by inducing the formation of dense concentric bands of traumatic resin ducts in the xylem. Because inducibility of resin ducts has been little explored across pine species, 3-year-old Pinus pinaster, P. pinea, P. sylvestris and P. radiata trees were sprayed with 0, 25 and 50 mM solutions of MJ, and plant growth, external symptoms and histology were assessed 60 days after treatment. Exogenous application of MJ diminished primary or secondary growth in all species (61 and 25%, respectively) and caused needle damage in P. sylvestris. Exogenous MJ did not alter the resin duct structure of Pinus spp. in the cortex. In the secondary xylem, however, the effect of MJ differed considerably between species: ducts, duct density and area covered by ducts increased in P. sylvestris and P. radiata, but not in P. pinaster and P. pinea. In MJ 50 mM-treated trees, resin duct abundance peaked at the first half of the ring in P. sylvestris and at one-third distance from the previous ring in P. radiata. In MJ treated P. radiata trees, large traumatic axial resin ducts, 120–160 µm in diameter, were aligned in the secondary xylem. The study helps to elucidate macroevolutionary aspects of inducibility of resin-based defences in the genus Pinus, where varying responses to MJ could reveal different defence strategies among species. Keywords Resistance mechanisms · Induced defences · Maritime pine · Stone pine · Scots pine · Radiata pine
Introduction
Communicated by Lin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-020-02057-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Rafael Zas [email protected] 1
Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169‑005 Porto, Portugal
2
Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apdo. 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
3
Faculty of Forestry, Institute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA), University of Extremadura, Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
Oleoresin is the main conifer defence mechanism for deterring insects and pathogens (Celedon and Bohlmann 2019). Exudation o
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