Trends and Characteristics of Automotive Electronics
Electronics are rapidly becoming the major driver in new car developments. Since their humble beginnings as entertainment and comfort features for the car driver, they have gradually been used to optimize the car behavior and are now more and more taking
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Trends and Characteristics of Automotive Electronics Herman Casier
7.1 Introduction After some difficult years, the market for light vehicles is predicted to grow steadily in the coming years by around 4 % per year to 110 m vehicles in 2020 [1]. The growth rate of electronics within the car is much higher and—despite the continuously decreasing cost of semiconductors—their share of the total car cost is predicted to reach 35 % in 2020 and 50 % in 2030 [2]. Where cars started as pure mechanical machines, fully controlled by the human driver, they are now complex electronic systems with optimized mechanical performances and increased comfort and safety for the driver. At this moment, the powertrain, chassis and body electronics are already well developed and new electronics developments are focusing more on safety, driver comfort and convenience and on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). The ultimate goal is the autonomous, driverless car, which is now advertised by different manufacturers and generates a lot of attention in the media. In the first paragraph the history and the future trends of automotive electronics and the disruptive nature of the driverless car will be discussed in more detail. In parallel with this trend towards autonomous, driverless cars, a lot of effort in the automotive industry is also devoted to more energy efficient and cleaner vehicles e.g. mild and full hybrid vehicles, battery and fuel cell electric vehicles : : : Although this evolution requires a lot of electronics, it is mainly driven by the improvements of the energy sources, their energy content, weight and volume, lifetime, safety, refueling time and infrastructure : : : This trend is not driven by automotive electronics and is not further discussed here.
H. Casier () Avondster 6, B-8520 Kuurne, Belgium e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 A. Baschirotto et al. (eds.), Wideband Continuous-time ˙ ADCs, Automotive Electronics, and Power Management, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41670-0_7
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Semiconductors for automotive electronics are often perceived as not state-ofthe-art and lagging mainstream chip design and technologies. This perception is now disappearing for the advanced micro control units (MCU), used in the advanced driver assistance systems [3], but remains for the large number of mixed signal ASICs used in the car. Indeed, many ASICs in the car use mature mainstream or special high voltage technologies with less advanced lithography and the signal processing specifications of the circuits are typically lower than for commercial systems. But, this is due to the very high reliability and safety requirements and to the “hostile” car environment in which these systems have to remain fully functional [4]. The high and spiky supply voltage, the extreme temperatures and the harsh interferences are very tough boundary conditions for automotive ASICs. Furthermore, low total system cost prohibits extensive environment shielding and protection of the circuits. Th
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