Ultrafiltration and microfiltration membrane performance, cleaning, and flux recovery for microalgal harvesting
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Ultrafiltration and microfiltration membrane performance, cleaning, and flux recovery for microalgal harvesting Rui Liu 1,2,3 & Lan Wang 1,2 & Li Yang 1,2 & Qingling Liu 1,2 & Yunxiao Gao 1,2 & Jing Ye 1,2,3 & Jingrong Xiao 1,2 & Qiang Hu 1,2,4,5,6,7 & Xuezhi Zhang 1,2 Received: 16 February 2020 / Revised and accepted: 7 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Membrane material, pore size, and cleaning strategy are important factors for microalgal membrane harvesting. In this study, harvesting of Scenedesmus acuminatus cultivated in pilot scale using nine ultrafiltration and three microfiltration membranes was carried out in cross-flow filtration system to compare their filtration performance and flux recovery after physical and chemical cleaning. The 0.45-μm PVDF-AsahiKASEI membrane had the highest average flux of 513.6 L m−2 h−1 among 12 membranes and 50-kDa PVC-Litree membrane had the highest average flux of 98.0 L m−2 h−1 among nine ultrafiltration membranes for 60 L S. acuminatus suspension harvesting. There were significantly positive correlations between membrane pore size, pure water flux, and average flux for S. acuminatus suspension harvesting. Generally, ultrafiltration membrane had moderate total fouling index (TFI) and high proportion of hydraulic reversible fouling index (HRFI) of more than 95%. The 0.45-μm PVDFAsahiKASEI membrane had a low TFI but the lowest proportion of HRFI, associated with the residual microalgal cells, debris, and colloids on the inner surface and top ends of some cells inserted to big membrane pores, demonstrated by SEM image and reduced porosity from 65.9 to 60.2%. Compared to soaking cleaning, circulation cleaning strategy had a better flux recovery efficiency for 0.45-μm PVDF-AsahiKASEI membrane, proving that it would be a potential way in membrane chemical cleaning. This study demonstrated that microfiltration with high flux has great potential in microalgal harvesting if flux recovery efficiency can be significantly increased using suitable cleaning strategy such as circulation cleaning strategy. Keywords Ultrafiltration . Microfiltration . Membrane harvesting . Fouling index . Chemical cleaning . Flux recovery
Introduction Microalgal biotechnology has gained increasing attention in recent years because of the dual applications in wastewater treatment and biofuel production (Chisti 2007; Hu et al. 2008; Demirbas and Demirbas 2011; Guo et al. 2018).
However, achieving these applications depends largely on the efficiency of microalgal harvesting and dewatering (Zhang et al. 2010; Bilad et al. 2014). Membrane harvesting based on filtration has been widely used by more and more researchers for its exclusive advantages including lower energy inputs and higher purity of biomass, compared with
Rui Liu and Lan Wang contributed equally to this work. * Qiang Hu [email protected] * Xuezhi Zhang [email protected] 1
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Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China Key Laboratory for Algal
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