Ultrahigh nitrogen-doped carbon/superfine-Sn particles for lithium ion battery anode
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Ultrahigh nitrogen-doped carbon/superfine-Sn particles for lithium ion battery anode Han Bi1, Xin Li2, Jingjing Chen1,2,*
, Lexi Zhang1, and Lijian Bie1,*
1
Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China 2 Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
Received: 10 August 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 20 October 2020
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) can be indexed as a high-content N-doped carbon material, appealing great attentions in energy storage devices. However, poor conductivity and serious irreversible capacity loss were found for the g-C3N4 due to its high nitrogen content. Urea, dicyandiamide or melamine can be used as organic precursor to form g-C3N4 because they can be pyrolyzed into g-C3N4 easily. In this work, high nitrogen content (up to 17 at.%)-doped carbon materials embedded with superfine-Sn particle are synthesized by one-step thermal treatment of the g-C3N4 organic precursor and SnCl2 in a simple selfdesigned quartz tube. Regarding their high nitrogen doping content, large surface area and porous structure, the obtained material could deliver a high specific capacity and excellent capacity retention when applied as lithium ion battery anode. Its excellent rate performance is attributed to the high Li diffusion coefficient demonstrated by the GITT kinetics analysis. This extremely simple and low-cost preparation process could provide a new strategy to obtain high nitrogen content carbon-based materials.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction Sn is one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium battery (LIB), due to its impressive theoretical capacity (994 mAh/g), abundant resources and low price [1]. However, it is inappropriate to be applied commercially, as the structural fracture caused by the large volume change during lithiation/delithiation processes pays
the penalty [2, 3]. This structural fracture results in the loss of electrical contact between the active material and the electrode frame, as well as the continuous growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) membrane. As a result, the specific capacity decreased rapidly during cycling. Considerable efforts have been made to overcome this obstacle. One way is to obtain SnM (M = Cu [4, 5], Ni [6, 7], Co [8, 9], etc.) alloy with other less active materials with respect to Li. Another method is to prepare nano-
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04723-7
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
sized Sn particles to relax stress during the repeating charging/discharging processes [1, 10], or evenly disperse the nano-sized Sn particles on substrate materials to avoid its aggregation upon cycling. Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials are one of the most attractive substrates for nanopart
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