Ultrathin porous graphitic carbon nanosheets activated by alkali metal salts for high power density lithium-ion capacito
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Ultrathin porous graphitic carbon nanosheets activated by alkali metal salts for high power density lithium-ion capacitors Yu-Qing Dai, Guang-Chao Li, Xin-Hai Li, Hua-Jun Guo, Zhi-Xing Wang, Guo-Chun Yan, Jie-Xi Wang*
Received: 5 April 2020 / Revised: 3 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 June 2020 Ó The Nonferrous Metals Society of China and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Graphitic carbons with reasonable pore volume and appropriate graphitization degree can provide efficient Li?/electrolyte-transfer channels and ameliorate the sluggish dynamic behavior of battery-type carbon negative electrode in lithium-ion capacitors (LICs). In this work, onion-like graphitic carbon materials are obtained by using carbon quantum dots as precursors after sintering, and the effects of alkali metal salts on the structure, morphology and performance of the samples are focused. The results show that alkali metal salts as activator can etch graphitic carbons, and the specific surface area and pore size distribution are intimately related to the description of the alkali metal salt. Moreover, it also affects the graphitization degree of the materials. The porous graphitic carbons (SGCs) obtained by NaCl activation exhibit high specific surface area (77.14 m2g-1) and appropriate graphitization degree. It is expectable that the electrochemical performance for lithium-ions storage can be largely promoted by the smart combination of catalytic graphitization and pores-creating strategy. High-performance LICs (S-GCs//
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-020-01509-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Y.-Q. Dai, G.-C. Li, X.-H. Li, H.-J. Guo, Z.-X. Wang, G.-C. Yan School of Metallurgy and Environment & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China J.-X. Wang* Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Metallurgy and Environment & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha 410083, China e-mail: [email protected]
AC LICs) are achieved with high energy density of 92 Whkg-1 and superior rate capability (66.3 Whkg-1 at 10 Ag-1) together with the power density as high as 10020.2 Wkg-1. Keywords Alkali metal salts activation; Porous graphitic carbons; Catalytic graphitization; Lithium-ion capacitors
1 Introduction Energy storage devices are vital links of smart grid to make the intermittent and undulant energy (like solar and wind energy) more efficient and controllable [1]. Moreover, clean and efficient energy storage systems such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), hybrid supercapacitors and lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are widely used in consumer electronics, energy efficient industrial equipment and hybrid electric vehicles [2–9]. The extensive application of LIBs is attributed to the high operating voltage and high energy density. However, there are still
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