Understanding the hemotoxicity of graphene nanomaterials through their interactions with blood proteins and cells
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The successful applications of graphene nanomaterials in nanobiotechnology and medicine as well as their effective translation into real clinical utility hinge significantly on a thorough understanding of their nanotoxicological profile. Of all aspects of biocompatibility, the hemocompatibility of graphene nanomaterials with different blood constituents in the circulatory system is one of the most important elements that needs to be well elucidated. Once administered into biological systems, graphene nanomaterials may inevitably come into contact with the surrounding plasma proteins and blood cells. Crucially, the interactions between these hematological entities and graphene nanomaterials will influence the overall efficacy of their biomedical applications. As such, a comprehensive understanding of the hemotoxicity of graphene nanomaterials is critically important. This review presents an up-to-date elucidation of the hemotoxicity of graphene nanomaterials through their interactions with blood proteins and cells, as well as offers some perspectives on the current challenges, opportunities, and future development of this important field. Dr. Kenry is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore. He received his Ph.D. from NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering in January 2017 and B.Eng. in Electrical & Electronic Engineering with First Class Honors from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, in July 2011. His research interests primarily focus on the nanobio interactions of low-dimensional organic and inorganic nanomaterials (e.g., graphene, transition metal chalcogenide nanosheets, and polymer nanoparticles) with biological entities (e.g., nucleic acids, proteins, and cells) and the engineering and translation of these interactions into various biological and biomedical applications. He has authored and/or co-authored more than 30 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters. He has also garnered numerous academic awards and honors, notably the NUSS Medal for Outstanding Achievement in July 2017, Young Scientist Award by the European Materials Research Society in May 2016, and 8th HOPE Meeting with Nobel Laureates Fellowship by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in March 2016. Kenry
I. INTRODUCTION
The successful experimental isolation of single-layer two-dimensional (2D) graphene in 2004 has sparked surging interests in this class of carbon-based nanomaterials.1 With their unique 2D structural feature and outstanding physicochemical properties,2–9 notably exceptional electrical conductivity, outstanding thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical strength, versatile surface chemistry, and high biocompatibility, graphene and its derivatives have been actively explored for a wide
Contributing Editor: Susmita Bose a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2017.388
range of potential applications, spanning from nanoelectronics
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