Uptake of graphene enhanced the photophosphorylation performed by chloroplasts in rice plants
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Uptake of graphene enhanced the photophosphorylation performed by chloroplasts in rice plants Kun Lu1, Danlei Shen1, Shipeng Dong1, Chunying Chen2, Sijie Lin3, Shan Lu4, Baoshan Xing5, and Liang Mao1 () 1
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China 3 College Environmental Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 4 State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China 5 Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA 2
© Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Received: 17 March 2020/ Revised: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 May 2020
ABSTRACT New and enhanced functions were potentially imparted to the plant organelles after interaction with nanoparticles. In this study, we found that ~ 44% and ~ 29% of the accumulated graphene in the rice leaves passively transported to the chloroplasts and thylakoid, respectively, significantly enhanced the fluorescence intensity of chloroplasts, and promoted about 2.4 times higher adenosine triphosphate production than that of controls. The enhancement of graphene on the photophosphorylation was ascribed to two reasons: One is that graphene facilitates the electron transfer process of photosystem II in thylakoid, and the other is that graphene protects the photosystem II against photo-bleaching by acting as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. Overall, our work here confirmed that graphene translocating in the thylakoid promoted the photosynthetic activity of chloroplast in vivo and in vitro, providing new opportunities for designing biomimetic materials to enhance the solar energy conversion systems, especially for repairing or increasing the photosynthesis activity of the plants grown under stress environment.
KEYWORDS graphene, photophosphorylation enhancement, photosystem II, ROS scavenging, protection
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Introduction
As a natural photosynthesis system, chloroplasts adsorb solar energy and convert it into chemical energy such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and necessary for growth [1]. Nanoengineering chloroplast photosynthesis is extensively studied to enhance the solar energy conversion efficiency of natural chloroplasts by increasing light-harvesting, accelerating electron transport rates, and improving charge utilization [2, 3]. Notably, coupling either single-walled carbon nanotubes or artificial photoacid generators with extracted plant chloroplasts promote 3 and 3.9 times higher photosynthetic activity than that of controls [4, 5]. However, most of these studies extracted the plant chloroplasts, mixed them with nanomaterials and found that the photophosphory
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