Uptake of Microplastics and Their Effects on Plants
Microplastics (MPs, 100 nm to 5 mm) may represent a risk to ecosystem and human health, and MP pollution has become a topic of global environmental concern. Despite many reports on the accumulation of MPs in aquatic species, research on terrestrial ecosys
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Contents 1 Toxic Effects of MPs in Aquatic Plants 1.1 MP Effects on Aquatic Plants 1.2 Possible Mechanisms of Toxicity 1.3 Joint Toxicity to Aquatic Plants of Combined Exposure to MPs and Other Pollutants 2 Accumulation of MPs and Potential Effects on Terrestrial Plants 2.1 Uptake and Transport of MPs in Crop Plants 2.2 Mechanisms and Factors Affecting MP Accumulation in Crop Plants 2.3 Potential Effects of MPs in Soil-Plant Systems 3 Summary References
Abstract Microplastics (MPs, 100 nm to 5 mm) may represent a risk to ecosystem and human health, and MP pollution has become a topic of global environmental
L. Li and Q. Zhou CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China J. Yang CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China W. J. G. M. Peijnenburg National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, The Netherlands Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands Y. Luo (*) CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Defu He and Yongming Luo (eds.), Microplastics in Terrestrial Environments - Emerging Contaminants and Major Challenges, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_465, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
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concern. Despite many reports on the accumulation of MPs in aquatic species, research on terrestrial ecosystems is relatively scarce, and there is very little information on the uptake and accumulation of MPs by plants. In this chapter we review the published research on potential single effects and on combined effects of MPs with other pollutants such as organic and nano-sized pollutant MPs in aquatic plants including microalgae and macrophytes. We focus on recent studies on the accumulation of MPs and their potential effects on crop plants. In this chapter we also discuss the mechanisms and factors affecting MP accumulation in crop plants. Finally, we conclude by pointing to knowledge gaps and suggesting key future areas of research. This review provides a new basis for further research on MP accumulation and its potential effects on plants. Future studies are required on the accumulation and translocation of submicron and even micron-sized MPs in edible plants and their potential impacts on food safety. Keywords Accumulation, Crop plants, Food safety, Microplastics, Uptake
Plastics are used in every stage of our lives. It is no wonder that about 330 million tons of plastics were produced worldwide in 2015 and this figure is rising [1]. As a result, contamination of our environment with plastics of all sizes is b
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