Use of green solvents as pre-treatment of dissolving pulp to decrease CS 2 consumption from viscose production
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Use of green solvents as pre-treatment of dissolving pulp to decrease CS2 consumption from viscose production Carlos Arce . Tamara Llano . Sara Gonza´lez . Alberto Coz
Received: 4 May 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents are widely used in biomass processing. In this work, four different green solvent mixtures were used as pre-treatment of acid sulphite dissolving pulp with the hypothesis of increasing the possibilities to produce viscose fibres and decreasing the use of the harmful and toxic carbon disulphide in the process. The experiments were performed at two different pulp to solvent mass ratios. Pulp quality parameters were also measured to determine the suitability of the pretreatment: a-cellulose, viscosity, lignin and pentosan
content. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis of pulps at the best solid to liquid ratio was performed to obtain the influence of the crystallinity index. Best results were obtained with the use of lactic acid, with reactivity values close to 94%, giving a reduction of CS2 usage of 15.83%. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the crystallinity index calculated by the XRD and reactivity with a regression factor of 0.87 was found.
C. Arce T. Llano S. Gonza´lez A. Coz (&) Department of Chemistry and Process and Resource Engineering, Green Engineering and Research Group (www.geruc.es), University of Cantabria, Avda Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
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Cellulose
Graphic abstract
Keywords Deep eutectic solvents Reactivity Dissolving pulp Crystallinity
Introduction The growing concern about environmental issues has led researchers to find newer technologies to solve conventional problems. In this sense, the search of greener solvents to be used industrially has become of great importance (Zdanowicz et al. 2018). As a result, Abbott et al. (2003) proposed deep eutectic solvents (DES) as an alternative to traditional solvents. DES systems are a mixture of two or more components with a final melting point much lower than the individual components (Kumar et al. 2016) which makes it liquid at room temperature (Procentese and Rehmann 2018). These solvents are usually composed by a quaternary ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium cation or a metal chloride (Smith et al. 2014), defined as Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA) and a Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD). Depending on the components employed to form the solvent, DES can be classified in four types (Zdanowicz et al. 2018): (1) organic salts and metal chlorides; (2) organic salts and metal hydrates; (3) organic salts and organic compounds (carboxylic acids, alcohols, or amides); and (4) metal chlorides
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and organic compounds (amides, alcohols). These solvents have similar properties to Ionic Liquids (IL): low vapour pressure, chemical and thermal stability, non-flammability and can be tailored (Wilpiszewska and Spychaj 2011). However, DES
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