Validation of the Arabic version of the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) among antenatal and postnatal women
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Validation of the Arabic version of the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) among antenatal and postnatal women Hoda Jradi1,2*, Thikrayat Alfarhan2 and Anas Alsuraimi3
Abstract Background: Anxiety among women in the perinatal period is common. Assessing the severity of perinatal anxiety will help monitor the progress of the patient through the stages of anxiety and facilitated the treatment. This study assesses the validity and reliability of the “Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale” (PASS) in the Arabic language. Methods: The PASS was translated into Arabic. Two hundred seventeen women in the antenatal and postnatal phase participated (92 antenatal and 125 postnatal) answered to PASS, GHQ12, EPDS-10, and DASS-21. Content validity, factor analysis, internal consistency, and test retest reliability were assessed. Results: Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were .88 and 0.79; respectively. The scale loaded on four components: acute anxiety, social anxiety, and dissociation; specific fears and trauma; general anxiety and adjustment; and perfectionism and control. Cronbach’s Alpha value for the scale was 0.78 and test retest correlation coefficient was 0.94. PASS significantly correlated with EPDS-10 (rho=0.46), GHQ-12(rho=0.58), the three components of DASS-21 (0.47, 0.50, and 0.43; respectively), and experiencing adverse life events. Conclusion: The Arabic translated version of the PASS showed reasonably adequate validity and reliability and can be used to screen for anxiety disorder among women in the perinatal phase. Keywords: Anxiety, PASS, Pregnancy, Perinatal, Antenatal, postnatal, Arabic, Saudi Arabia
Background Maternal health can be negatively impacted by untreated anxiety [1–3]. Anxiety can also negatively affect the behavioral development, emotional and cognitive status of the child [4], and the mother-infant relationship [5, 6]. For this reason, the detection of problematic anxiety via the use of an effective screening tool may be important in screening for risk of problematic anxiety, prevention, early intervention, and treatment in the field of perinatal mental health. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2 College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail code 2350, 11426 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Knowing the severity of anxiety is important to guide the treatment for the patient [6]. Also, continuous monitoring of response to psychological and/or pharmacological treatment is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan of care [7]. Depending on the severity of their symptoms, women can be assigned to maternity and childcare services, counseling services, psychosocial therapy, or to psychiatric hospitalization in severe cases [6]. A validated tool that assesses the severity of perinatal and
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