Valorization of spent activated carbon in glycerine deodorization unit for methylene blue removal
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Carbon Letters https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-020-00189-z
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Valorization of spent activated carbon in glycerine deodorization unit for methylene blue removal Tang Shu Hui1,2 · Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini1,2 Received: 3 March 2020 / Revised: 8 September 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Korean Carbon Society 2020
Abstract Spent Calgon Filtrasorb activated carbon (SAC) from glycerine deodorization unit was evaluated for the removal of methylene blue (MB). The SAC was used without further modification. The SAC was characterized for BET surface area, pH, pHpzc and FTIR to determine the textural and chemical properties of SAC. The batch adsorption study of MB was carried out under different initial concentrations (5–500 mg/L), pH (2–11) and contact time (0–200 h). The SAC was found to have high BET surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter of 735 m2/g, 0.292 cm3/g and 2.56 nm, respectively. The properties of SAC contributed to high MB adsorption capacity of 283 mg/g. The equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption; while the activation energy (Ea) of Dubinin–Radushkevitch (D–R) model is lower than 8 kJ/mol, signifying physisorption. The adsorption kinetics was best illustrated by pseudo-second-order model, while the intraparticle diffusion and Boyd models suggested that film diffusion is the rate-controlling step. These findings showed that Calgon Filtrasorb SAC from glycerine deodorization unit can be potentially reused an adsorbent for the removal of dyes. Keywords Adsorption · Spent activated carbon · Glycerine purification · Methylene blue · Wastewater treatment
1 Introduction Over the years, the escalating demand for textile products has caused greater usage of dyes, leading to improper handling of effluent and water pollution. Methylene blue (MB) is a blueish green cationic colorant that is widely employed in various applications such as clothing, aquaculture, and medical purposes. Even at low concentration, the presence of MB is highly visible due to high solubility in water and it is also resistant to light. Exposure to MB at doses > 7.0 mg/ kg can cause nausea, abdominal and chest pain, cyanosis,
* Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini [email protected] Tang Shu Hui [email protected] 1
Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu‑Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI‑SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
2
methemoglobinemia, sweating, dizziness, headache, and confusion in adults [27]. Adsorption is a straightforward and inexpensive technique to remove dye from wastewater. Activated carbon is an effective adsorbent owing to its high surface area and porous structure to allow the capture of different water pollutants. In the recent years, many studies are dedicated on the development of economical activated carbon from renewabl
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