Value Addition of Agricultural Wastes for Improved Production of Industrially Important Enzymes by Employing Co-cultivat
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential of cauliflower wastes for the cost-effective production of industrially important enzymes using mono and co-culture of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Candida intermedia under submerged f
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Abstract The aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential of cauliflower wastes for the cost-effective production of industrially important enzymes using mono and co-culture of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Candida intermedia under submerged fermentation. All fungal strains were able to use cauliflower wastes as sole carbon source for producing enzymes such as cellulases and xylanase. Organosolvent pretreatment of cauliflower wastes relatively removed more hemicelluloses and lignin in lignocellulosic waste residues than acid and alkali treatment. Co-cultivation produced higher amount of lignocellulose degrading enzyme system than the mono-culture used. Crude cellulases and xylanase of mono and co-culture produced on the organosolvent pretreated cauliflower wastes with the highest cellulose content were further tested for the release of reducing sugar during the saccharification process of same pretreated waste biomasses. According to our results, fungal filtrate harvested from submerged fermentation was more efficient for lignocellulolytic biomass hydrolysis than the commercial enzymes. Keywords Cauliflower wastes · Pretreatment · Cellulases · Xylanase · Filamentous fungi
1 Introduction High production cost of pure lignocellulose degrading enzymes is the major obstacle in the widespread commercialization of enzymatic lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis and also contributes to our environmental pollution problem. One potential
S. Majumdar · J. Bhowal (B) School of Community Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India e-mail: [email protected] S. Majumdar e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 D. Ramkrishna et al. (eds.), Advances in Bioprocess Engineering and Technology, Lecture Notes in Bioengineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7409-2_27
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approach to decrease the production cost as well as to offer safe and better environment could be through the utilization of cheap, abundant and renewable lignocellulosic biomass, especially agricultural waste residues as nutrient source for the polysaccharide-degrading enzyme-producing microbes. Although a variety of lignocellulosic substrates were tried for production of enzymes relevant to degradation of lignocellulosic biomass (Sridevi et al. 2015), there is only a scanty published literature available on the use of cauliflower wastes (Dhillon et al. 2011). India is the second-largest producer of cauliflower (Khedkar et al. 2017). Cauliflower has the highest waste index (Stojceska et al. 2008) among the other vegetables belonging to Brassicaceae family. Cauliflower wastes consist of good protein (16.1%), cellulose (16%) and hemicelluloses (8%) (Wadhwa et al. 2015). Thus, besides the low cost and higher biomass availability, cauliflower waste could serve as a very promising substrate for microbial production of industrially important enzymes. The use of this cheap agro-waste in the production of these enzymes w
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