Vermicompost Application in Different Intercropping Patterns Improves the Mineral Nutrient Uptake and Essential Oil Comp
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Vermicompost Application in Different Intercropping Patterns Improves the Mineral Nutrient Uptake and Essential Oil Compositions of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Esmaeil Rezaei-Chiyaneh 1 & Mostafa Amani Machiani 2 & Abdollah Javanmard 2 & Hassan Mahdavikia 3 & Filippo Maggi 4 & Mohammad Reza Morshedloo 5 Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Only a few studies have hitherto investigated the effects of the application of organic fertilizers in intercropping systems on the plant essential oil (EO) productivity. Hence, this work has aimed to study the effect of different intercropping patterns on EO quality and quantity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under vermicompost application. In the present study, the cropping patterns consisted of 1B:1CB, 2B:2CB, 3B:2CB, and 4B:2CB (basil: common bean) as well as the pure culture of both crops and fertilizer treatments including usage or non-usage of vermicompost. The maximum seed yield of common bean (2786 kg ha−1) and dry matter yield of basil in the first (261.5 g m−2) and second harvests (214.7 g m−2) were recorded in the pure cultures fertilized with vermicompost. In addition, the nutrient uptake rate of macronutrients and micronutrients in both plants after application of vermicompost improved in intercropping patterns. In both harvests, the maximum EO content of basil (0.84% in the first harvest and 0.69% in the second harvest) was observed at the cropping ratio of 3B:2CB fertilized with vermicompost. Chemical analysis, achieved by GC–MS, evidenced 1,8-cineole, linalool, methyl chavicol, α-trans-bergamotene, methyl eugenol, and epi-α-cadinol as the main basil EO constituents in both harvests. The highest increment level for most ofEO constituents, nutrient uptake, and land equivalent ratio (1.52) were obtained in the intercropping pattern of 3B:2CB fertilized with vermicompost. In general, the intercropping pattern of 3B:2CB after use of vermicompost can improve the EO productivity and quality of basil. This intercropping pattern was accompanied by the increment of nutrient uptake. Therefore, this treatment can be introduced as a valid and sustainable strategy to replace chemical fertilizer and plant monoculture. Keywords Basil . Cropping patterns . Essential oil . Linalool . Nutrient uptake . Vermicompost
1 Introduction Application of organic fertilizer is a major approach to manage soil fertility and plant nutrition which can alleviate
chemical contaminations and preserve biodiversity of the soil and the quali-quantitative yield of crops which in turn are expected to be increased in sustainable agricultural systems (Liu et al. 2011; Emami Bistgani et al. 2018). Nowadays,
* Esmaeil Rezaei-Chiyaneh [email protected] Mostafa Amani Machiani [email protected]
Mohammad Reza Morshedloo [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2
Department of Plant Producti
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