Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: Can Novel Measures of Vitamin D Status Improve Risk Prediction and Address the Vit
- PDF / 1,072,018 Bytes
- 8 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 87 Downloads / 172 Views
NOVEL AND EMERGING RISK FACTORS (K. NASIR, SECTION EDITOR)
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: Can Novel Measures of Vitamin D Status Improve Risk Prediction and Address the Vitamin D Racial Paradox? Samuel M. Kim 1 & Pamela L. Lutsey 2 & Erin D. Michos 3
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017
Abstract Purpose of Review The major focus of this review article is to provide a state-of-the-art update on some emerging measures of vitamin D status and discuss how assessment of these key vitamin D metabolites might improve prognostication of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. Recent Findings Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition and relatively easy to treat with supplementation and/or modest sunlight exposure. A substantial body of experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for CVD. Most epidemiologic studies to date have focused on total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, which is the established marker of vitamin D stores. However, there is emerging evidence that other novel markers of vitamin D metabolism may better characterize “true” vitamin D status. Some key novel measures include bioavailable 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3], and ratio of 24,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Novel and Emerging Risk Factors * Erin D. Michos [email protected] 1
Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street Suite 7200, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
2
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South 2nd. St., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55126, USA
3
Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Blalock 524-B, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
[the vitamin D metabolic ratio]. Utilization of these biomarkers may enhance understanding of the association between vitamin D and CVD risk and may provide explanation for the observation that 25(OH)D is a stronger CVD risk factor in Whites than Blacks. Summary Novel measures of vitamin D status could potentially change clinical practice regarding how patients are currently screened for vitamin D status and defined as vitamin D deficient or not. However, whether measuring any of these alternate markers of vitamin D status can provide further insight regarding CVD risk beyond the traditionally measured 25(OH)D concentrations is uncertain at this time. This is an area where further research is strongly needed. Keywords Vitamin D . Biomarker . Cardiovascular risk factor
Introduction Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is critical for the maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD) [1, 2], but there is growing evidence that it may also reduce inflammation, play a rol
Data Loading...
