VV-hemorphin-5 analogue for trace copper determination in water samples
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ORIGINAL PAPER
VV‑hemorphin‑5 analogue for trace copper determination in water samples Stela Georgieva1 · Petar Todorov2 · Petia Peneva2 · Marian Varbanov3 · Kristina Gartsiyanova3 Received: 13 February 2020 / Accepted: 29 May 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020
Abstract Natural and anthropogenic sources produce mainly metal ions which can be accumulated in sediments that have a significant environmental impact on local areas, especially for their river water quality. The environmental analysis applies chemical sensors having the inherent ability to detect in real-time analytes as cations, anions, or small molecules in water systems. In this regards, the aim of our work was the development of a simple and rapid electrochemical method for selectively copper determination in water samples using non-toxic and easy degradable peptide molecules such as a hemorphin analogue. Analytical characterizations as sensibility, linear dynamic range (LDR), the limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) have been also discussed. The results revealed that the peptide sensor provided electrochemical and sensing excellent response with a low limit of detection (0.188 ng ml−1). The precision of the method proposal evaluated by the relative standard deviation is 0.7%. Keywords Copper · Thallium · Electrochemistry · Water pollution · Peptides
Introduction During the last years, a new environmental philosophy has been accepted. If, initially, the idea is to allow emissions that do not cause significant environmental changes and effects, the new idea is to keep the environment unaffected by human presence (precautionary approach), i.e. restore the natural balance to what it was. To this end, strict preventive legislation on all possible types of pollution is put in place, ensuring the necessary coherence at the European and world level [1]. This requires the development of a strict system of rules and controls on the chemicals use and * Stela Georgieva [email protected] Petia Peneva [email protected] 1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
2
Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
3
National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Department of Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NIGGG-BAS), str. “Acad. G.Bonchev”, bl.3, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
commercial distribution and the strict control of their emissions into the environment, especially in the water areas. Thus, the perspectives for chemical pollutants can be considered too formally in several basic respects: substantial research work is needed for real identification of problem areas and specific measures for the protection of the aquatic environment; substantial of developing of analytical methods for the analysis and implementation of modern methods for continuous monitoring; and control of the aquatic environment without additional contamination by the used materials and reagents. According to directive 76/464
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