Water Resources in Mexico Scarcity, Degradation, Stress, Conflicts,
Water resources in Mexico are threatened by scarcity, pollution and climate change. In two decades water consumption doubled, producing water stress in dry seasons and semi-arid and arid regions. Water stress rises due to physical and economic stress. In
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Vol. 7
Úrsula Oswald Spring Editor
Water Resources in Mexico Scarcity, Degradation, Stress, Conflicts, Management, and Policy
With 196 Figures and 74 Tables
Editor Prof. Dr. Úrsula Oswald Spring, Centre for Regional Multidisciplinary Research (CRIM) at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Av. Universidad s/n, Cto. 2o, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
ISSN 1865-5793 e-ISSN 1865-5807 e-ISBN: 978-3-642-05432-7 ISBN 978-3-642-05431-0 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-05432-7 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011936515 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The top photograph illustrates the impact of a flood in Tabasco; the lower-left photograph shows campesinos planting onions in El Pañuelo and the lower-right photograph a water ceremony in El Texcal, both in the state of Morelos in Mexico. All photographs were taken by Úrsula Oswald Spring, who also holds the copyright. Translation from Spanish: Dr. Serena Eréndira Serrano Oswald, Cuernavaca, Mexico Copyediting: PD Dr. Hans Günter Brauch, AFES-PRESS e.V., Mosbach, Germany Language editing: Michael Headon, Colwyn Bay, Wales, UK Typesetting and layout: Thomas Bast, AFES-PRESS e.V., Mosbach, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents List of Figures
IX
List of Tables
XVII
Acknowledgments
XXI
Permissions and Credits
XXIII
Preface
1 Estela Morales Campos
Introduction
3
1
Water Resources in Mexico: A Conceptual Introduction Úrsula Oswald Spring and Ignacio Sánchez Cohen
Part I
Hydrological Processes and Management of Basins st
2
Mexico’s Water Challenges for the 21 Century Felipe I. Arreguín Cortés, Mario López Pérez and Humberto Marengo Mogollón
3
Integrated Water Management in Hydrological Basins: Multidisciplinary and Multi-Institutionality as an Action Paradigm Ignacio Sánchez Cohen, Úrsula Oswald Spring, Gabriel Díaz Padilla and José Luís González Barrios
5
19 21
39
4
Analysis of Weather Time Series for Decision-making in Mexico Gabriel Díaz Padilla, Ignacio Sánchez Cohen and Rafael Alberto Guajardo Panes
5
Coastal Aquifers of Sonora: Hydrogeological Analy