A Combination of Micronucleus Assay and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis to Evaluate the Genotoxicity of Form
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A Combination of Micronucleus Assay and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis to Evaluate the Genotoxicity of Formaldehyde Sana Bouraoui • Soumaya Mougou • Aicha Brahem Faten Tabka • Hela Ben Khelifa • Imed Harrabi • Najib Mrizek • Hatem Elghezal • Ali Saad
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Received: 25 March 2012 / Accepted: 9 October 2012 / Published online: 8 November 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract A genotoxic effect of formaldehyde (FA), particularly micronucleus (MN) induction, has been shown in several previous studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of micronuclei and to identify the type of chromosomal damage in Tunisian staff members working in the Pathologic Anatomy Laboratory of Farhat Hached hospital (Sousse, Tunisia) who were exposed to FA. Assessment of chromosomal damage was performed in peripheral lymphocytes of 31 FA-exposed employees compared with 31 control employees working in the administrative department of the same hospital. The clastogenic/aneugenic effect of FA was evaluated using the standard MN assay in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using pan-centromeric probes. The mean level of exposure to FA was 3.4 ppm. The results showed a significant increase of MN frequency in lymphocytes of exposed workers compared with the control group (25.35 ± 6.28 % vs. 7.08 ± 4.62 %, p \ 0.05). As S. Bouraoui (&) S. Mougou H. Ben Khelifa H. Elghezal A. Saad Department of Cytogenetic and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Ibn EL JAZZAR Street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia e-mail: [email protected] A. Brahem F. Tabka N. Mrizek Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia I. Harrabi Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia A. Saad Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
assessed by FISH, the frequency of centromeric micronuclei (C?MN) was greater in exposed subjects than in controls (18.38 ± 5.94 % vs. 5.03 ± 3.64 %). Among the C?MN, the frequency of MN containing one centromere (C1?MN) was significantly greater in pathologists and anatomists than in controls (15.35 ± 6.0 % vs. 3.33 ± 2.74 %, p \ 0.05). The results showed an effect of sex and time of FA exposure with significantly increased frequencies of all end points measuring aneuploidy (C?MN, C1?MN, and Cx?MN [more then one MN]). The increased frequency of C1?MN observed in the exposed group may suggest a slight aneugenic effect of FA exposure.
Numerous genotoxic chemicals have been shown to increase micronucleus (MN) induction in cultured cells. The MN assay, initially proposed by Heddle (1973) and Schmid (1975), is a simple assay for the detection of chromosome damage. Based on the observation of HowellJolly bodies described by haematologists in hematopoietic cells, the MN assay was first established for bone morrow cells (Cheng et al. 2003). Micronuclei
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