A Hybrid Redox-Active Polymer Based on Bovine Serum Albumin, Ferrocene, Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes, and Glucose Oxida
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A Hybrid Redox-Active Polymer Based on Bovine Serum Albumin, Ferrocene, Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes, and Glucose Oxidase V. A. Arlyapova, A. S. Khar’kovaa, T. N. Abramovaa, L. S. Kuznetsovaa, A. S. Ilyukhinaa, M. G. Zaitseva, A. V. Machulinb, and A. N. Reshetilova, b, * aTula
b
State University, Tula, 300012 Russia Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received August 27, 2019; revised February 13, 2020; accepted March 3, 2020
Abstract—We used conducting redox-active polymers based on chitosan and bovine serum albumin (BSA), covalently bound to mediators ferrocene or Neutral Red, or thionine, modified by carbon nanotubes, as a base of an amperometric biosensor for determining glucose. The structure of the obtained polymers was studied by IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Their electrochemical characteristics were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The redox-active polymer based on BSA covalently bound to ferrocene and modified by carboxylated carbon nanotubes demonstrated the most promising characteristics. The biosensor based on the selected hybrid polymer is characterized by high sensitivity, a lower limit of determined concentrations of 0.05 mM, and a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.9919) with the results of determination of glucose in human blood by an alternative method. Keywords: redox-active polymers, bovine serum albumin, chitosan, electron transport mediators, glucose oxidase DOI: 10.1134/S1061934820090026
The creation of reagent-free biosensors is one of promising fields in modern analytical chemistry. The sensitivity of biosensors can be increased by improving the physicochemical converters of the analytical signal [1, 2] or by modifying the receptor system. Two approaches to the development of receptor systems are the most innovative: (a) immobilization of biomaterials into redox-active polymers and (b) use of nanomaterials to ensure the direct transfer of electrons from the biomaterial to the electrode [3, 4]. Redox-active polymers have complex structures. They consist of molecules of electroactive compounds, covalently bound to a polymer base, which may or may not have electrical conductivity. Nonconductive substrates obtained by the sol–gel synthesis or biocompatible organic polymers are most often used [3, 5]. Inorganic sol–gel polymers have several disadvantages: long synthesis, difficulty in selecting the optimal ratio of the initial reagents, and fragility [6]. In this regard, it is more convenient to use organic substances with high molecular weights, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and chitosan, as the process of their crosslinking with a mediator is simple and fast. BSA and chitosan are highly biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic [7]. These properties are essential when these materials are used as the basis of redox-active
polymers for the immobilization of enzymes in the creation of
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