Improved albumin detection in bovine serum albumin concentration by Au/Ag nanocrystallites
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Improved albumin detection in bovine serum albumin concentration by Au/Ag nanocrystallites P. Rajaeian1 · A. Bahari1 · D. Shajari1 Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present work, we had used two methods (solvothermal and seed growth methods) to sense albumin concentration based on the optical and plasmonic characteristics of Au/Ag nanocrystallites and their interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA). They were studied using UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The obtained results indicated that the good interactions between nanocrystallites and BSA happen. With the help of changes in plasmonic peaks and comparison of TEM images before and after the interaction for different concentrations of albumin samples, we had obtained a qualitative method of identifying albumin (down to 0.2 mg/ml) concentration. Keywords Nanostructures · Nanocrystallites · Optical properties · Sensors · Albumin
1 Introduction Gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanostructures had become increasingly important due to their electrical and optical properties. These unique properties were due to the oscillations of their conduction band electrons. When photons radiated to NPs, the free electrons in their conduction band began to oscillate collectively with the same frequency of incident light. This phenomenon was called surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which depended on the size of the particles, the shape, and the refractive index of crystallite atmosphere media [1–12]. In addition to the optical and electrical properties mentioned above, other factors such as high-quality seed capability and high biocompatibility had made these nanoparticles (NPs) worthy of a variety of applications, such as biosensors, medical imaging, and cancer treatment [7, 9, 13–18]. The sensitivity of plasmonic peaks to the dimensions and the aspect ratio (length/diameter of each rod) of nanocrystallites was an important point for sensory applications. As reported in [6–11], the SPR of the rods depended very much on various parameters, such as the refractive index of the nanosphere environment or the nanocrystallites. The ratio * A. Bahari [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
of wavelength changes (dλ) to refractive index changes (dn) gave us sensor sensitivity, which was very important in diagnosing the disease. Furthermore, if there were changes in the shape, size of the nanocrystallites, the refractive index of the media, and the interaction between them and BSA, there would be changes in the intensity of the plasmonic peak or its location (localized SPR: LSPR), or both, which could be the basis of the sensor. Also, Albumin was an individual polypeptide chain that involved sort of 583 amino acid residues and had no carbohydrates. It had 1 sulfhydryl group at the range of PH 5–7. Albumin carries different kinds of molecules, such as hormones, fatty acids, anions, and cations. It was connected
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