A MADS-box gene, EgMADS21 , negatively regulates EgDGAT2 expression and decreases polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulatio
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A MADS‑box gene, EgMADS21, negatively regulates EgDGAT2 expression and decreases polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Si‑yu Li1 · Qing Zhang1 · Yuan‑hang Jin1 · Ji‑xin Zou1 · Yu‑sheng Zheng1 · Dong‑dong Li1 Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 6 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Key message EgMADS21 regulates PUFA accumulation in oil palm. Abstract Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the most productive world oil crop, accounting for 36% of world plant oil production. However, the molecular mechanism of the transcriptional regulation of fatty acid accumulation and lipid synthesis in the mesocarp of oil palm by up- or downregulating the expression of genes involved in related pathways remains largely unknown. Here, an oil palm MADS-box gene, EgMADS21, was screened in a yeast one-hybrid assay using the EgDGAT2 promoter sequence as bait. EgMADS21 is preferentially expressed in early mesocarp developmental stages in oil palm fruit and presents a negative correlation with EgDGAT2 expression. The direct binding of EgMADS21 to the EgDGAT2 promoter was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Subsequently, transient expression of EgMADS21 in oil palm protoplasts revealed that EgMADS21 not only binds to the EgDGAT2 promoter but also negatively regulates the expression of EgDGAT2. Furthermore, EgMADS21 was stably overexpressed in transgenic oil palm embryoids by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In three independent transgenic lines, EgDGAT2 expression was significantly suppressed by the expression of EgMADS21. The content of linoleic acid (C18:2) in the three transgenic embryoids was significantly decreased, while that of oleic acid (C18:1) was significantly increased. Combined with the substrate preference of EgDGAT2 identified in previous research, the results demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which EgMADS21 regulates EgDGAT2 expression and ultimately affects fatty acid accumulation in the mesocarp of oil palm. Keywords Oil palm · MADS-box gene · Diacylglycerol acyltransferases · PUFA
Introduction The African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a perennial monocotyledonous plant belonging to the Arecaceae palm family and is the most productive oil-bearing crop in the world. Palm fruits have two storage tissues, the mesocarp Communicated by Günther Hahne. Si-yu Li and Qing Zhang contributed equally to the article. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02579-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Dong‑dong Li [email protected] 1
College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
and kernel, that can produce two oils of major economic importance, commonly referred to as palm oil and palm kernel oil (Teh et al. 2019). Palm oil, mainly referring to oil derived from the mesocarp of oil palm fruit, is in high demand due to its nutritional attributes and competitive
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