The consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids differentially modulates gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-a
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids differentially modulates gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese adolescents Ce´sar M. Mejı´a-Barradas • Blanca E. Del-Rı´o-Navarro • Aaro´n Domı´nguez-Lo´pez • ´ . Martı´nez-Godı´nez • Sau´l Rojas-Herna´ndez Rafael Campos-Rodrı´guez • Marı´a de-los-A ´ ngel Miliar-Garcı´a Eleazar Lara-Padilla • Edgar Abarca-Rojano • A
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Received: 27 November 2012 / Accepted: 22 March 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation on metabolic state and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese adolescents. Obese adolescents (n = 26, 10 girls and 16 boys) aged 12.4 ± 2.1 years were assigned to a 12-week regimen of n-3 PUFA intake. Five times per day, subjects received a food supplement consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (3 g per day, 944 mg EPA, and 2,088 mg DHA). Blood parameters were measured, and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were analyzed to determine gene expression at baseline and after 12 weeks. Student’s t test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to estimate differences in arithmetic means of pre- and postdietary supplementation for various anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and gene expression parameters. After
12 weeks, n-3 PUFA consumption was associated with decreased body mass index (29.7 ± 4.6 vs. 27.8 ± 4.4 kg/ m2; P \ 0.001), waist circumference (93.2 ± 9.9 vs. 90.5 ± 10.0 cm; P \ 0.003), hip circumference (102.9 ± 10.9 vs. 101.1 ± 10.9 cm; P \ 0.014), and blood triglyceride levels (220.8 ± 27.4 vs. 99.7 ± 32.7 mg/dL; P \ 0.001). Fatty acid supplementation/n3 PUFA supplementation was associated with a downregulated expression of the genes encoding PPARc and PGC-1a (P \ 0.001), and an upregulated expression of the genes encoding PPARa (P \ 0.007) and SREBP1 (P \ 0.021). The expressions of SOD2 (P \ 0.04), CAT (P \ 0.001), GPX3 (P \ 0.032) and HIF1a protein also decreased. Our study demonstrated that n-3 PUFA consumption and dietary restriction improved the anthropometric parameters and decreased the triglycerides
´ . Martı´nez-Godı´nez C. M. Mejı´a-Barradas M. de-los-A ´ . Miliar-Garcı´a (&) A Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polite´cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Dı´az Miro´n, Col. Santo Toma´s, Mexico, P.O. Box 11340, Mexico e-mail: [email protected]
S. Rojas-Herna´ndez Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polite´cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Salvador Dı´az Miro´n, Col. Santo Toma´s, Mexico, P.O. Box 11340, Mexico
B. E. Del-Rı´o-Navarro Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Infantı´l de Me´xico ‘‘Federico Go´mez’’, Mexico, Mexico
E. Lara-Padilla E. Abarca-Rojano Laboratory of Cellular Respiration, Escu
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