A multi-focusing curved artificial compound eye compatible with planar image sensors
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TECHNICAL PAPER
A multi-focusing curved artificial compound eye compatible with planar image sensors Qingqing Han1 • Yueqi Zhai1 • Jiaqi Niu1 • Jingquan Liu1 • Bin Yang1 Received: 25 October 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Curved artificial compound eyes (CACEs) have great potential applications in wide field-of-view (FOV) imaging and fastmoving detection. However, there is a mismatch focal plane between the uniform CACEs and planar commercially available image sensors (CCD or CMOS). To solve this problem, we designed a multi-focusing CACE with a radius of curvature of 4 mm and fabricated it via thermal reflow and multiple replication processes in this letter. The clear subimages of edge region captured by camera system with a multi-focusing CACE indicate that this design can effectively solve the incompatibility between the uniform compound eyes and the planar commercially available image sensors.
1 Introduction The compound eye is a low-power vision system, which allows insects to process information with limited brain capacity. In comparison to single-aperture eyes, compound eyes have many advantages, such as wide field of view, ability to detect polarization information and fast motion detection (Land and Nilsson 2012; Sarkar et al. 2011). Therefore, many methods have been proposed to fabricate CACEs, including digital micro-mirror device (Huang et al. 2017; Jiang et al. 2016), laser swelling (Li et al. 2019), femtosecond laser direct writing (Wu et al. 2014), femtosecond laser etching (Bian et al. 2016; Deng et al. 2016; Liu et al. 2019a, b, 2012), curved laser lithography (Dickensheets et al. 2007), assembly of liquid droplets (Shin et al. 2019), and thermal reflow processes (Cherng and Su 2014; He et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2016, 2019). Since the focal plane of the uniform CACEs is a curved surface, it requires photoreceptive components on a curved surface to form an imaging system (Floreano et al. 2013; Song et al. 2013). However, the commercially available image sensors (CCD or CMOS) are all planar. Therefore, there is a mismatch focal plane between the CACEs and the
& Bin Yang [email protected] 1
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
planar image sensor, which results in blurred subimages at the edge area (Shi et al. 2017). To solve this problem, the design of CACEs with different focal lengths micro-lenses has been presented to improve imaging quality of the edge region (Lian et al. 2020; Liang et al. 2019; Luo et al. 2017). The compound eyes of UV-curing adhesive is fabricated by negative pressure. In this letter, we designed a PDMS multi-focusing CACE, and fabricated it via thermal reflow and multiple replication processes. The method can fabricate compound eyes with different curvatures easily and quickly by replacing the diameter of mold. Additionally
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