Microfabrication of bioinspired curved artificial compound eyes: a review
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REVIEW PAPER
Microfabrication of bioinspired curved artificial compound eyes: a review Yueqi Zhai1 • Qingqing Han1 • Jiaqi Niu1 • Jingquan Liu1 • Bin Yang1,2 Received: 30 August 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Eyes are one of the most important organs for natural creatures to perceive external information. The curved compound eyes of insects endowing with merits of a wide field of view (FOV), high sensitivity and detecting quick moving targets have aroused extensive concern. There are mainly two categories of compound eyes in nature. One is apposition eyes which can avoid light crosstalk and the other is superposition ones with higher sensitivity. With the rapid development of micron and nano machining technologies, the fabrication techniques of compound eyes have experienced changes from waveguide self-writing initially to advanced femtosecond laser method through thermal reflow and other processes. The diameters of compound eyes varies from the original several hundreds micrometers to the smallest 5 lm currently, which is much closer to the natural ones. Therefore, a critical review is presented to systematically summary and compare the micromachining processes of curved artificial compound eyes in recent years from the perspective of microfabrication technology. Finally, we describe a broad applications including navigation and location, digital camera and rapid detection of moving objects as well as existing challenges and future perspective of curved artificial compound eyes. It is hoped that this review can help researchers to gain a better overall understanding of microfabrication in this field and push forward it to a new stage.
1 Introduction Any biological species in the world possess sense abilities to perceive external changes. They can forage when they are hungry by smelling, have a sight into the volatile surrounding environment by a vision and distinguish the distance and direction of other objects by sound. For example, the helicopter and plane are invented according to the wing structure of the dragonfly and bird (Hsu 2005; Johnson 1980). A radar detection system for deep-sea exploration and navigation application has been put into use on the basis of bat sonar system (Bbk 1992). Apart from them, the artificial compound eye is another one of the typical bioinspired applications which have aroused great interest
& Bin Yang [email protected] 1
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2
Science and Technology on Electromechanical Dynamic Control Laboratory, Beijing, China
among scientists and researchers from the 1920s due to their unique and exquisite optical properties including wide field of view (FOV), infinite depth of field and low aberration (Land and Nilsson 2002). Biological compound eyes of living creatures have more than half of billion yea
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