Polyphenols from Sugarcane Vinasses, Quantification, and Removal Using Activated Carbon After Biochemical Treatment in L
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Polyphenols from Sugarcane Vinasses, Quantification, and Removal Using Activated Carbon After Biochemical Treatment in Laboratory-Scale Thermophilic Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors José Antonio Contreras-Contreras & Marisela Bernal-González & Julio Alberto Solís-Fuentes & María del Carmen Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa
Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Studies on the removal of polyphenols from sugarcane vinasses using three upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors operating isothermally at temperatures of 45, 55, and 65 °C are presented. The procedure started evaluating the stability of the reactors through the quantification of four important parameters of the process: temperature, pH, alkalinity factor, and acetic acid production. The physical and chemical characterizations of the vinasses were made to evaluate the applied treatment. Total polyphenols were quantified before and after the biochemical treatment using the Folin-Ciocalteu’s method. The obtained results showed that this biochemical treatment was not enough by itself to remove the phenolic compounds present in the vinasses feed. The use of complementary treatment for the removal of polyphenols with activated carbon was proposed and evaluated. The effectiveness of the adsorption process was analyzed and compared through the models of Langmuir, Freundlich, and DubininJ. A. Contreras-Contreras : M. Bernal-González : M. del Carmen Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa (*) Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Conjunto E. Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, México e-mail: [email protected] J. A. Solís-Fuentes Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa de Enríquez, Veracruz, Mexico
Radushkevich, using the obtained experimental data. The model that provided the best fit of the experimental data was the Langmuir model with a correlation coefficient of 0.991. The adsorption process achieved to reduce the concentration of polyphenols in the vinasses from 3600 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L to 1072 mg GAE/L by single-step adsorption. That is equivalent to an overall reduction of 70.2%. Keywords Activated carbon . Adsorption . Thermophilic anaerobic biochemical systems . Experimental data . Polyphenols . Vinasses
1 Introduction Vinasses are residual liquid effluents that come from the sugarcane-alcohol industry and many other spirituous liquor industries, such as tequila and mezcal, just to name a few. Its energy recovery is an important asset since a long time ago (Bailey and Ollis 1986). But for several reasons, it has not been implemented, representing these distillery effluents a serious problem of pollution when they are discharged into receiving bodies of water or soil without proper recycling. Vinasses are characterized by having high concentrations of carbonaceous organic matter, dissolved
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