A novel monopartite begomovirus and satellites associated with yellow mosaic disease of Sida spp. in India
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A novel monopartite begomovirus and satellites associated with yellow mosaic disease of Sida spp. in India Fenisha D. Chahwala1 · Dhananjay Singh1,4 · R. Vinoth Kumar2 · Sangeeta Rathore1 · Brijesh K. Yadav1 · Bijendra Singh3 · Achuit K. Singh3 Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) cause severe diseases in many economically important crops and non-cultivated plants in the warmer regions of the world. Non-cultivated weeds have been reported to act as natural virus reservoirs. In January 2016, Sida plants with yellow mosaic symptoms were found at the edge of an agricultural field in Gujarat, India. Sequence analysis of the viral genomic components cloned from a diseased Sida plant indicated the presence of a distinct monopartite begomovirus (proposed as sida yellow mosaic Gujarat virus) along with a betasatellite (ludwigia leaf distortion betasatellite) and an alphasatellite (malvastrum yellow mosaic alphasatellite). Our results emphasize that this weed may harbor a begomovirus-alphasatellite-betasatellite complex. This host serves as a potential source of virus inoculum, which can be transmitted by whiteflies to other cultivated crops. The family Geminiviridae comprises non-enveloped plant viruses with genomes consisting of one or two circular ssDNAs (each ~ 2.7 kb). These viruses can cause diseases in numerous economically important crops [1–3]. The members of the largest genus in this family, Begomovirus, are transmitted by the insect vector Bemisia tabaci [4]. Besides causing epidemics in a wide range of cultivated crops, Handling Editor: Robert H.A. Coutts. Fenisha D. Chahwala, Dhananjay Singh, and R. Vinoth Kumar have contributed equally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04843-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Achuit K. Singh [email protected] 1
School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 030, India
2
National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 065, India
3
Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 305, India
4
Present Address: CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 031, India
begomoviruses use several non-cultivated weeds and wild plants as alternate hosts [1–4]. Begomoviruses can be classified either as monopartite (with a single genomic component) or bipartite (with two equal-sized genomic components). The majority of the monopartite begomoviruses in the ‘Old World’ are often associated with ~ 1.3-kb-sized satellite and satellite-like DNA molecules, called betasatellites (family Tolecusatellitidae) and alphasatellites (family Alphasatellitidae), respectively [4–6]. Betasatellites depend on the helper begomoviruses for their replicat
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