A prospective study on total protein, plant protein and animal protein in relation to the risk of incident chronic kidne
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
A prospective study on total protein, plant protein and animal protein in relation to the risk of incident chronic kidney disease Sevda Alvirdizadeh1, Emad Yuzbashian2*, Parvin Mirmiran2*, Shahryar Eghtesadi1 and Fereidoun Azizi3
Abstract Background: The link between dietary protein intake and the risk of kidney dysfunction is always a challenging issue. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between total protein, plant protein, and animal protein intake with the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This study was performed on 1639 adults aged ≥27 years who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary data were evaluated using a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total protein content, plant protein, and animal protein of each participant were calculated. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 mL / min / 1.73 m2 has been considered as the definition of CKD. Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated using logistic regression to show the association between the risk of incident CKD and dietary exposures. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, total energy intake, total fiber intake, dietary fat, physical activity, diabetes, and hypertension, there was no significant association of total protein and animal protein consumptions with the incidence of CKD. After adjustment for confounders, compared with the lowest tertile of plant protein consumption, OR of incident CKD in the highest tertile was 0.29 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.15 to 0.55) with a significant trend (P for trend < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed an inverse association between plant protein intake and the risk of incident CKD, which demonstrates the protective role of plant-based protein in a diet on kidney function. Keywords: Kidney function, Total protein, Plant protein, Animal protein
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive systemic disease with increasing prevalence at the global level, affecting more than 10% of the world’s population and half of the adults older than 70 years of age [1–3]. The prevalence of CKD in an Iranian population over the age of 20 years was 11.4% [4]. Late diagnosis of CKD can lead * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
to end-stage renal failure, increased premature mortality, low quality of life, and enormous costs for the health system. Therefore, appropriate strategies to prevent CKD are the most important solutions [5, 6]. Various studies have shown that nutritional factors play an essential role in preventing the development and progression of CKD [7]. According to recent studies, a very low protein diet as a part of nutritional therapy have benef
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