A rapid screening method for 32 P in urine samples by TDCR Cerenkov measurement
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A rapid screening method for 32P in urine samples by TDCR Cerenkov measurement Yonggang Yang1,2 · Yan Ma1 · Yadong Wang1 · Xiongxin Dai1,2 Received: 18 April 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Based on triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) Cerenkov measurement, a rapid screening method for the analysis of 32 P in urine samples was developed. In this method, urine samples were pre-treated to decompose organics by adding concentrated HCl and H2O2 with heating at 60 °C for 1 h and at 90 °C for 30 min. Acetic acid was then added, and the samples were cooled to ambient temperature before counting in Cerenkov mode using a Hidex 300SLL TDCR liquid scintillation counter. An empirical formula between Cerenkov counting efficiency of 32P and the TDCR value was established to correct for color quenching present in the processed samples. The performance of the method was examined using several sets of urine spike samples, and the measurements agreed very well with the expected 32P activities. The detection limit of 11 Bq L−1 was achieved for 15 mL of urine sample with a counting time of 30 min. Keywords Phosphorus-32 · Triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) · Cerenkov counting · Urine bioassay · Chemiluminescence
Introduction Phosphorus-32 is a pure beta-emitting radionuclide with a relatively short-life (T1/2 = 14.29 days) and high decay energy (Emax = 1.709 MeV). As phosphorus exists in different species in organisms and biological tissues, 32P has been widely used in the form of radio-labeled compounds for tracing studies in life science and in radiopharmaceuticals to reduce bone pain in terminal cancer patients [1–3]. In these applications, researchers, medical staff and patients could be * Xiongxin Dai [email protected] Yonggang Yang [email protected] Yan Ma [email protected] Yadong Wang [email protected] 1
China Institute for Radiation Protection, 102 Xuefu Street, Taiyuan City 030006, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China
2
exposed to internal contamination of 32P. A number of incidents of 32P exposures in research laboratories in the United States and Taiwan have been reported [4]. Thus, radiological protection program should be in place for monitoring possible 32P intake and assessing internal dose received by the affected personnel. As 32P is a pure beta emitter with no direct photon emissions, urine bioassay is the most suitable method for screening internal contamination of 32P in the body. Studies have showed that 20% of the injected 32P could be excreted in urine within the first week of injection [5]. Since 32P can be removed from the plasma with a short biological half-life of 0.5 days, it would be ideal to monitor internal contamination of 32P quickly after the possible intake to ensure a decent signal can be measured. Therefore, rapid bioassay method for 32P in urine sample would be needed to assess i
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