Rapid Speciation of Lead in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on MWCNTs@DMP by Dispersive Ionic Liquid-Suspension-Micr
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Rapid Speciation of Lead in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on MWCNTs@DMP by Dispersive Ionic Liquid-Suspension-Micro-Solid Phase Extraction Nafiseh Esmaeili 1 & Jamshid Rakhtshah 2 & Eskandar Kolvari 1 & Alimord Rashidi 3 & Hamid Shirkhanloo 4 Received: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract An efficient sorbent based on 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol immobilized on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs@DMP) was developed for separation/speciation of organic and inorganic lead (alkyl-Pb, Pb2+) in human blood, urine, and water samples by dispersive ionic liquid-suspension-micro-solid phase extraction (DIL-S-μ-SPE). By procedure, the MWCNTs@DMP as solid phase, acetone, and ionic liquid (IL, [HMIM][PF6]) were mixed and injected to 10 mL of the liquid phase at pH = 6.5. After shaking, the Pb(II) was extracted in MWCNTs@DMP and settled down in a conical tube with IL by centrifuging (Pb2+→: SHSiO2@CNTs). The lead (Pb2+) was back-extracted from sorbent/IL in acidic pH and measured by atom trap atomic absorption spectrometry (AT-AAS). In addition, the organic lead (R-Pb, alkyl lead) converted to Pb(II) and total lead (T-Pb) was determined in the same conditions by UV radiation in 95 °C. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range (9.5–480 μg L−1), LOD (3.2 μg L−1), and enrichment factor (10.4) were obtained (RSD < 5%). The adsorption capacity of the MWCNTs@DMP and MWCNTs was achieved as 191.6 mg g−1 and 25.8 mg g−1, respectively. The method was validated by standard reference materials (SRM 1643d, SRM 955, and SRM 2668), ET-AAS, and ICP-MS analysis in real samples. Keywords Lead, Speciation, Human blood and urine, Dimercapto propanol-multi wall carbon nanotubes, Dispersive ionic liquid-suspension-micro-solid-phase extraction
Introduction Lead (Pb) is considered as toxic environmental contaminant due to its biodegradable nature and causes serious threats to human health worldwide. Due to previous researches, lead as a hazardous chemical posing serious problems in human health has been Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02382-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hamid Shirkhanloo [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
2
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3
Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Blvd. Azadi Sport Complex, P.O. Box 14665-1998, Tehran, Iran
4
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Entrance Blvd., Olympic Village, P.O. Box 14857-33111, Tehran, Iran
recognized [1]. The Pb(II) ions enter into the environment through human activities such as chemical laboratories, battery factories, cover x-ray in hospitals, and paint color [2, 3]. Lead is a potent occupational toxin and human exposure to it can occur through different sources like leaded g
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