A rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticle foam by ultrasonication
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A rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticle foam by ultrasonication B. K. Murgunde1 · Rafiq Mulla1 · M. K. Rabinal1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Herein, a very simple and rapid synthesis of silver foam is presented. The foam consists of large agglomerates of nanoparticles. Well-defined silver nanostructures are obtained by ultrasonic irradiation to the aqueous solution of the reactants. The formation of particles is so quick that a short pulse of ultrasonic waves for only 10 s is sufficient to convert the aqueous silver nitrate solution into silver particles foam. Here, silicon is used as a catalyst for the reaction without which there was no formation of above foam. An interesting mechanism is followed by the completion of the reaction, where a self assembly of the as formed particles takes place and results in the formation of a foam of well connected particles. The present method of synthesis of self assembled silver foam is simple, innovative, fast, and is quite effective for bulk formation. Keywords Silver particles · Foam · Large scale synthesis · Rapid · Sonication
1 Introduction Metal nanoparticles have fascinated researchers for many decades due to their special physical and chemical properties compared to their bulk counter parts [1]. They possess distinct features such as large surface-area‐to‐volume ratio, plasmon excitation, quantum confinement etc. which help to utilize these materials in various applications [1, 2]. The properties of these nanomaterials rely mainly on their size, shape, self-assemblies etc. Among all metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely investigated due to their unique electrical, optical, and thermal properties and are being used in several products that range from photovoltaics to chemical and biological sensors [3–15]. Some of the examples of applications include catalysts [4], antibacterial/antiviral agents [5], bio-sensors [6], conductive inks and pastes [7], surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [8] etc. Metal NPs can be prepared through various methods such as chemical reduction [9], laser irradiation [10], photochemical method [11], electrochemical method [12], ultrasonic irradiation [13] and microwave irradiation [14]. Ultrasonic/ sonochemical synthesis of nanoparticles and nanostructured * M. K. Rabinal [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka 580003, India
materials has received much attention in recent years which provides unique reaction routes induced by acoustic cavitation in solution [16]. Ultrasonic irradiation provides unusual reaction conditions in liquids like extremely high pressure and high temperature of a very short duration. The acoustic cavitation resulting from ultrasonication accounts for the chemical effects of ultrasound. So, the ultrasonic irradiation can help either to rapidly synthesize nanomaterials or to speed up the reaction rates. The ultrasonic method has been successfully used to fabricate various types of n
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