A Report on Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Anaplasma marginale in Ticks and Blood Samples Collected
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A Report on Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Anaplasma marginale in Ticks and Blood Samples Collected from Cattle in District Layyah in Punjab (Pakistan) Sehrish Ashraf1 · Asia Parveen1 · Mian Muhammad Awais2 · Quratulane Gillani3 · Munir Aktas4 · Sezayi Ozubek4 · Furhan Iqbal1 Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by obligate intercellular gram-negative bacteria, Anaplasma (A.) marginale. The present study reports on seasonal prevalence, epidemiology, and phylogeny of A. marginale in three cattle breeds from District Layyah, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 844 blood samples (Cross = 300, Holstein Friesian = 244, Sahiwal breed = 300) from apparently healthy cattle on seasonal basis were collected along with epidemiological data during May 2018 till April 2019. Polymerase chain reaction generated 265 base-pair amplicon specific for major surface protein-1b encoding gene of A. marginale in 8.6% (73/844) of enrolled cattle. The highest prevalence was observed during autumn (18.3%) followed by summer (9.7%) and winter season (7.1%). Holstein Friesian breed was most susceptible to A. marginale infection (13.1%) followed by Sahiwal (7.6%) and cross breed (6%). Representative amplified partial gene sequences of A. marginale were submitted to GenBank (Accession numbers MK032842 and MK032843). 37/844 (4.3%) Giemsa-stained blood smears were found positive for Anaplasma spp. Small number of ticks including Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma excavatum, Rhipicephalus microplus, Haemaphysalis punctata were identified from cattle but none of them was found PCR positive for the presence of A. marginale. Analysis of epidemiological factors revealed that female cattle and farm with water supply from pool, farms where other dairy animals and dogs were living with cattle and dogs having ticks load on them had significant association with A. marginale prevalence. It was observed that white blood cell, lymphocytes (%), monocytes (%) hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly disturbed in A. marginale-positive than negative cattle.
Introduction Livestock is our natural resource for the conversion of roughage into good quality foods like milk and meat. The other livestock products like hides are raw material for industries [4]. In a country like Pakistan with rain-fed agricultural * Furhan Iqbal [email protected] 1
Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
3
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
4
Department of Parasitology, Fırat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
production system, livestock provides security against cropfailure. According to a recent report, livestock i
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