A Review: Influence of Potential Nanomaterials for Civil Engineering Projects
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REVIEW PAPER
A Review: Influence of Potential Nanomaterials for Civil Engineering Projects Ali Akbar Firoozi1 · Maryam Naji2 · Mahongo Dithinde1 · Ali Asghar Firoozi3 Received: 4 September 2019 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract The construction industry is increasingly turning to use of environmentally friendly materials in order to meet the sustainable aspect required by modern infrastructures. In the last two decades, the expansion of this concept and the increasing global warming have raised concerns on the extensive use of Portland cement and fly ash due to the high amount of carbon dioxide gas associated with their production. The development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials offers promising signs for a change in the way of construction and geotechnical projects. The aim of this research is to show potential of nanomaterials to replace traditional materials for civil engineering to optimize construction projects, i.e., to reduce global warming by using less amount of cement or fly ash, and finally drop cost of projects. The incorporation of variously manufactured nanomaterials into the matrices of conventional construction materials leads to drastic advancement in vital characteristics including mechanical strength, fatigue and damage resistance, durability, and lightness. However, due to the significance and serious disadvantages of using traditional materials like lime, cement, and fly ash as soil stabilizers, finding alternative additives is a matter of sustainability for construction projects. Keywords Nanomaterials · Microscopy techniques · Stabilization · Construction projects
1 Introduction The application of nanotechnology in various applied fields is receiving widespread attention. Nanotechnology is the re-engineering of materials and devices by controlling the matter at the atomic level. In other words, nanotechnology is a field that is led by the developments in basic chemistry and physics research, where the knowledge of atomic and molecular levels is used to produce materials and structures that achieve tasks that are not achievable using the materials in their classic macroscopic form Roco et al. (1999) and Chong and Garboczi (2002). A precise definition of nanotechnology was suggested by Drexler, as the product with * Ali Akbar Firoozi [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
3
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
dimensions between 0.1 and 100 nm (Drexler 1981). For visualization, a DNA double helix has 2 nm diameter and strand of human hair has 80,000 nm thickness. It is estimated that the products and services associated with nanotechnology will reach 1,000,000 million Euro per year after 2015 (Pacheco-Torgal and Jalali 2011; Sparks 2017). RILEM TC 197-NCM, “Nanotechnology in Construction Materials,” is the first document that cl
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