A short review of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
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MINI REVIEW
A short review of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Bit‑Na Kim1 · Ji Hun Kim2 · Ji‑Young Ahn3 · Sunchang Kim2 · Byung‑Kwan Cho2 · Yang‑Hoon Kim3 · Jiho Min1 Accepted: 25 August 2020 © Korean Society of Environmental Risk Assessment and Health Science 2020
Abstract Objective and methods This article provides a summary of studies on pine wilt disease (PWD). PWD is a serious threat to forests, and the damage caused by this disease results in significant economic loss. In addition, PWD adversely affects not only animals and plants, but also the human environment. Having a better understanding over all possible interference and control measures strategies derived from knowledge of the complicated interrelation between the nematode, its vectors and the host pine trees is a precondition to effectively reduce the damage caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN). The references in this paper were collected from various sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of knowledge before being organized by the authors. Results and conclusion Most papers discussing PWD have been conducted on the East Asia and European Union regions. Specific topics covered include: (1) damage and invasion of pine wilt disease, (2) the developmental cycle and transmission, (3) diagnosis method for PWN related to PWD and (4) control strategies to limit the spread of PWD. Keywords Pinewood nematode · Diagnosis · Control strategies
Introduction The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a lethal pest that infects pine wood trees. Although PWN supposedly originated in North America, pine wilt disease (PWD) was first recorded in Japan in the early twentieth century [1, 2]. Subsequently, the disease has spread to Bit-Na Kim, Ji Hun Kim and Ji-Young Ahn have contributed equally to this work. * Byung‑Kwan Cho [email protected] * Yang‑Hoon Kim [email protected] * Jiho Min [email protected] 1
Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje‑daero, Deokjin‑gu, Jeonju‑si, Jeollabuk‑do 54896, South Korea
2
Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak‑ro, Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
3
School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
other East Asian countries including Korea and China. Asian pinus species, including P. massoniana, P. densiflora and P. thunbergii, are susceptible to B. xylophilus as a high-risk species. As a result, PWD, which is caused by B. xylophilus, has caused extensive damage in pine forests of East Asian countries, in particular Japan and Korea [3, 4]. In the 1990s, PWN was introduced into Portugal from East Asia where it caused major forest damage, and recently, it was introduced into Spain [5]. Accordingly, PWN is legally listed as a quarantine pest in many countries, and protecting pines against PWN is recognized as an urgent problem for forestry [6]. PWN is transmitted to dead or dying trees during activity of ov
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