A techno-economic feasibility of a process for extraction of starch from waste avocado seeds
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A techno‑economic feasibility of a process for extraction of starch from waste avocado seeds Tamrat Tesfaye1 · Million Ayele1 · Eyasu Ferede1 · Magdi Gibril2 · Fangong Kong2 · Bruce Sithole3,4 Received: 27 July 2020 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Generation of waste from the agro-processing industry is continually increasing due to increasing needs for food security. Beneficiation of this waste has both economic and environmental impacts that can be overcome via implementation of cleaner production technologies. Starch is a renewable biopolymer material which is completely biodegradable, easy to handle and widely available in nature. It has wide applications in various industries including food processing, pharmaceutical, confection, beverage, pulp and paper, chemical, cosmetic, binder and adhesive, packaging and printing, fermentation and textile industries. We have previously demonstrated that high-quality industrial-grade starch can be extracted from waste avocado seeds. This report is focussed on a techno-economic evaluation of the extraction process. It can be concluded, from the study that extraction of starch from waste avocado seeds is economically feasible with an accounting rate of return of 75% and a break-even analysis of 82% with a payback period of 2 years. The process is environmentally sustainable in that minimal amounts of chemicals are used in the extraction process and the wastes generated can be beneficiated into high-value products that can add further to the profitability of the venture.
* Tamrat Tesfaye [email protected] 1
Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
2
State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
3
Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
4
Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Chemicals Cluster Programme, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban, South Africa
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Graphic abstract
Keywords Avocado seeds · Cleaner production · Economic feasibility · Starch
Introduction Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in modern-day economics through environmental sustainability in the sourcing and production of materials. Large amounts of waste are generated every year from agricultural based industries, and their disposal is not environmentally sustainable. Most agro-processing wastes are underutilised, untreated and are disposed of by dumping, burning or landfilling (Sadh et al. 2018). The rapid world population growth, socioeconomic development and urbanization have increased the production of solid waste in the world. The quantity of the waste increases in developing countries yearly and the environment faces difficulties in handling of these wastes and landfill becomes the only method for their disposal (Mouhoun-Chouaki et al. 2019). Min
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