Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution and Groundwater onto Activated Carbon of Avocado Seeds
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution and Groundwater onto Activated Carbon of Avocado Seeds Nurelegne Tefera 1 & Yibeyin Mulualem 2,3 & Jemal Fito 3 Received: 8 April 2020 / Revised: 18 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract In the East African Rift Valley, groundwater is severely polluted with fluoride ion which causes a scarcity of water supplies and public health problems. This study is aimed at investigating the adsorption performance of activated carbon of avocado seeds (ACAS) in fluoride removal from aqueous solution and groundwater. The batch adsorption experiments were carried out by varying the contact time, solution pH, agitation speed, adsorbent dose, and initial fluoride concentration at constant room temperature using the fluoride ion–selective electrode method. Adsorption of fluoride onto ACAS reached its equilibrium condition at the contact time of 60 min under the stirring rate of 200 rpm, pH 6, and ACAS dose 1.9 g/100 mL with an initial fluoride concentration of 5.2 mg/L. Maximum adsorption efficiency was found to be 86%, whereas the fluoride removal from groundwater was 72% under the same experimental condition. The experimental data were well fitted with the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 1.2 mg/g, whereas the kinetic model was well described by a pseudo-second-order model at R2 0.99. Generally, the research findings showed that activated carbon can be employed as an alternative adsorbent for fluoride remediation from domestic water supplies. Keywords Adsorbent . Groundwater . Quality . Water pollution . Water treatment
Introduction Sustainability is a basic concept for the survival of humanity in harmony with nature on the planet earth. Recently, sustainable development goals were designed and every nation is working towards achieving the goals. The basic principle of this universal call is to eradicate poverty, protect the earth, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity [1]. Goal six of the United
* Nurelegne Tefera [email protected] Yibeyin Mulualem [email protected] Jemal Fito [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2
Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
3
Department of Environmental Engineering, Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Nation’s sustainable development goals was designed to ensure water availability and sustainable management for water and sanitation for all. However, about 3–5 billion population are confronting the challenge of water stress and water scarcity across the globe [2, 3]. Moreover, freshwater availability is a cross-cutting and very sensitive issue for any development activities which is aggravated by the rapid rising of the water demand and intensive pollution actions in many developed and developing countries [4]. Moreover, global water scarcity is
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