A Study of Process Optimization of Extraction of Oil from Fish Waste for Use as A Low-Grade Fuel
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A Study of Process Optimization of Extraction of Oil from Fish Waste for Use as A Low-Grade Fuel Punyama Jayasinghe • Ibraheem Adeoti Kelly Hawboldt
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Received: 21 March 2013 / Revised: 15 July 2013 / Accepted: 1 August 2013 / Published online: 11 October 2013 Ó AOCS 2013
Abstract Waste oils are potentially advantageous over petroleum and virgin vegetable oil based fuels due to waste utilization, and an overall lowering of gases and most other emissions over the life cycle of fuel production, use, and disposal. Waste generated from fish processing plants varies from 10–50 wt% of landed fish depending on the type of fish, product and processing techniques. A portion of this waste contains fish oil and varies significantly depending on the species. The oil recovery process must maximize extraction of oil and at the same time be able to integrate into the existing infrastructure at fish plants. In this study, we have optimized the recovery process developed in our lab (based on a fishmeal processing) and tested with the waste of a variety of fish species. The oil had low impurities (\0.5 wt% moisture) and degradation products, and physical properties suitable for substitution of No. 6 fuel oils and marine distillate/residual fuels. Based on this, pilot scale experiments were performed to determine scale-up challenges and design specifications for eventual costs analysis (e.g. size, residence time, etc.), energy required and waste emissions. Keywords
Biofuels Fish waste Oil analysis
Introduction Plant matter, animal waste, agricultural crops and residues, municipal waste, and industrial effluents are all possible
P. Jayasinghe I. Adeoti K. Hawboldt (&) Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada e-mail: [email protected]
biomass feedstock [1, 2]. Waste oils from animal and vegetable sources are potentially advantageous over petroleum and virgin vegetable oil based fuels due to waste utilization, and the overall lowering of gases and most other emissions (excluding nitrogen oxides) over the life cycle of fuel production, use, and disposal. Waste generated from fish processing plants varies from 10 to 50 wt% of landed fish depending on the type of fish, product and processing techniques [3]. Fish plants in Atlantic Canada produce approximately 418,000 tonnes of waste per year, most of which is discharged to the ocean and/or sent to a landfill after treatment [4, 5]. The degree of processing/treatment depends on the region, type of harvesting, and type of fish/mammal. A portion of this waste contains fish oil and varies depending on the species, from low single digits to over 20 % [5]. If not recovered, the oil is discarded with the waste through discharge into the marine environment and/or a landfill. The challenge in the conversion of fish oil to fuel/biodiesel in remote locations includes: separation of the oil from the fish waste; moisture and free fatty acid (FFA) content of recovered oi
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